Essay on Social Position Reflected in Roxana and Emma :: Roxana and Emma Essays

Social Position Reflected in Roxana and Emma There were severe conflicts between the city society and the Country party in 18th century Britain. The Country party, mainly composed of gentry, was based on landed interest and the City party made money through trade and was based on moneyed interest. The Country party passed the Landed Property Qualification Act to maintain their power. However, this encounter merely encouraged more men of wealth to buy country estate, in many cases displacing old landed families who truly represented the landed interest.11 We flush toilet see this changing of power through these two works, Roxana and Emma. Daniel Defoe was born in London, so he naturally engaged in City party. Roxanas primer coat is mainly city while that of Emma is the little country society called Highbury. As we can see the difference of the background of two works, we can also square off some different perspective toward City and Country in these two works. I will write abo ut these differences in point of the conception of gentleman, crop and different attitude to City lives. Defoe indicates that younger sons who have careers in law and trade are the backbone of the English Nation. The uneducated eldest son is an affront to the word gentleman he is a man of no use to himself or to others.22 He thinks that trade is more important than land. We can find this attitude in Roxana. Roxana says, a true bred Merchant is the best Gentleman in the Nation that in Knowledge, in Manners, in Judgement of things, the Merchant out-did many of the nobleness (Roxana 170, The page numbers of further references from Roxana will be put in parentheses in the text). She also says That an Estate is a Pond but that a administer was a Spring(170). The Dutch merchandiser also says that the Tradesmen in London, speaking of the better sort of Trades, coud spend more Money in their Families, and stock-still give better Fortunes to their Children, than, generally speaking, th e Gentry of England from a 1000 l(170). We can know that Roxana has a very positive view to a merchant from this. She thinks that a merchant is better than gentry. However, it is viewed differently, as shown in Emma. When Emma talks about the father of Mrs. Elton, she says like this a Bristol ? merchant, of course, he must be called but, as the self-colored of the profits of his mercantile life appeared so very moderate, it was not unfair to guess the dignity of his live of trade had been very moderate also(Emma, 164).

Physician Assistant :: essays research papers

Thesis physician assistants are well-recognized and highly sought-after members of thehealth care team who, with doctors, provide fibre care to forbearings. In order to do that, genteelness, hard work, and a sober education are required. I. As history says, physician assistants have always been a much needed commodity in health care. A. Who came up with the idea for a physician assistant?1. Dr. Eugene A. Stead, Jr. came up with the idea in 1965. 2. He was chairman of the Department of Medicine at Duke University. B. Why was there a need for physician assistants?1. There was a shortage and uneven distribution of primordial care physicians. 2. He selected Navy corpsmen who received considerable medical training during their military service in Vietnam. He based the curriculum on the fast-track training of doctors during World War II. II. doc assistants are skilled health care practitioners who offer many common medical services. A. Physician assistants have many demanding resp onsibilities. 1. Physician assistants can collect historical data, order lab tests, interpret lab results, read EKGs, teach and counsel patients, assist physicians in rounds, and record patient progress under a physicians supervision. 2. Physician assistants also have patient contact such as physical exams, suturing of wounds, assisting in surgery, giving injections and immunizations, venipuncture, applying casts, and prescribing medications all under a physicians supervision.B. Physician assistants have training to care for eight out of ten people who lambast a family practitioner.C. What does the job involve and what are your limitations set by the doctor?III. While physician assistants can do many things, there are differences surrounded by them and doctors.A. Besides the title, doctors and physician assistants have slightly different responsibilities.1. Physician assistants practice medicine with the supervision of a physician while a doctor is an unaffiliated practitio ner. 2. The doctors have complete responsibility for the care of the patient. Physician assistants share the responsibility.3. Doctors also make themselves available for the more difficult and complex procedures.B. The main difference amidst a physician assistant and a doctor is education.1. The Physician Assistant Program is about two-thirds of the time one would spend in medical school.2. Physician assistants dont have an internship or a residency. IV. One of the most important things a physician assistant can have is a good education.A. The first two years of college are very important. 1. A physician assistant will take a college curriculum and have classes

Husserl’s Conceptions of Formal Mathematics Essay -- Edmund Husserl Ma

Husserls Conceptions of Formal MathematicsEdmund Husserls conception of math was a unique blend of Platonist and formalist ideas. He believed that mathematics had reached a mixed state combining Platonic and formal elements and that both were important for the pursuit of the sciences, as well as for each other. However, he seemed to believe that only(prenominal) the Platonic aspects had significance for his science of phenomenology. Because of the significance of the distinction between these two types of mathematics, I will always use one of the adjectives secular or formal when discussing any branch of mathematics, unless I specifically mean to include both.First, I must specify what I mean by each of these terms. By stuff mathematics, I will mean mathematics as it had traditionally been done before the conceptions of imaginary numbers and non-Euclidean geometry. Thus, any branch of material mathematics seeks to unwrap how some class of existing things actually behaves. So ma terial geometry seeks to describe how objects lie in space, material number theory seeks to describe how the actual congenital numbers are related, and material logic seeks to describe how concepts actually relate to one another. Some of these areas (like material geometry) seek to deal with the physical world, while others (like material logic) deal with abstract objects, so I avoid using the word Platonic, which suggests only the latter. By formal mathematics, I will mean mathematics done as is typical in the 20th century, purely axiomatically, without regard to what sorts of objects it might actually describe. Thus, for formal geometry it is irrelevant whether the objects described are physical objects in actual space, or n-tuples of real nu... ... Bouvier, Bonn, 1981.Tieszen, Richard L. Mathematical Intuition Phenomenology and Mathematical Knowledge. Kluwer, Boston, 1989.Zalta, Ed. Freges Logic, Theorem and Foundations for Arithmetic. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http/ /plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-logic/Footnotes1. Lohmar, p. 142. However, this yell is itself a material claim of the truth of a statement in material logic, i.e. that the given statement follows from the given axioms, when this statement and these axioms are viewed as actual objects in our reasoning system.3. Husserl, p. 164. Fllesdal, in Hintikka, p. 4425. Hill, p. 1536. Husserl, p. xxiii7. Husserl, p. 1618. Gdel, p. 3859. Husserl, p. 163-410. Husserl, p. 167-811. Husserl, p. 16912. Husserl, p. 168-913. Husserl, p. 13614. Gdel, p. 38515. See Zaltas discussion of Basic Law V.home

Cells and their parts Essay -- essays research papers

Cells are some of the smallest organisms around. All living things consist of cells, and heretofore they are invisible to the naked eye. Cells are the basic structural and componental units of life. Cells are made up of many different parts which allow them to function properly.All cells are separated from their surrounding by a cell membrane. The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also aids in the protection and upkeep of the cell. A cell membrane is similar to the walls surrounding your house.In plants the cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall. The cell wall is impertinent the cell membrane, and its purpose is to help the membrane protect and support the cell. Since the cell wall is very porous, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances can pass through easily. A cell wall is similar to a fence around your house, because it helps protect other things from getting inside the cell.In many cells there is a the nucleus, which was startle de scribed by Robert Brown. If a cell does or does not have a nucleus has been used by scientists to divide cells into devil general categories. The two categories are Eukaryotics, which are cells with a nucleus, and Prokaryotic, which are cells without a nucleus. The nucleus has been found to be the information center of the cell and contains DNA. It also directs all activities that occur in a living cell. Its like a mini me of the heart and brain of a human body.Most nuclei contain a small commonwealth called the nuc...

Music is Where the Heart Is :: essays research papers

Music is where the heart isHas a song ever flowed into the signification so perfectly that you can feel the artist someone take you over? It would be safe to say that this has happened to everyone. Humans as artistic creatures pass the need to not only express their feelings in words but also create an atmosphere of emotion with music so that their very soul is give away in the open for the world to hear. Fear, anger, heartbreak, rebellion, and love are all things we express creatively through music. These emotions are expressed differently through out the many types of music that the world has to offer and all have very distinct sounds.Punk is the epitome of an obnoxious rebellion, circle jerks pissed at the world. essentially punk is a lifestyle that has grown from original to mainstream and back. The raw fast music created by urban youth has influenced people around the world with tricksy anthems of rebellion and unity. A lot of the vulgar and aggressive qualities have been lost in this music over the years as its become much popular. Punk is now watered down with love ballads and bands dressing the part, misrepresenting the original intentions of punk with its anti conformist values. I think this quote by depressed flag sums up my view on punk, we are born with chance, and I am going to have my chance. We are tired of your abuse, try to stop us but its no use.Hip hop originally had intentions of help the minoritys struggle be more broad band exposed outside the ghettos to raise help to the problems they endure because of their status economically and socially. Free styling is a style of hip hop that can show some ones talent, proficiency and mastery of the art that is hip hop. this is often shown by personality and the character that the artist is trying to convey. Hip hop is vocally driven and does not focus on the beat as much as the message. if you do come across hip hop that is looped with R&B choruss and focuses more on the instrumental and so the lyrical content you are most likely listening to what is known as rap and bullshit (R&B).

Music is Where the Heart Is :: essays research papers

Music is where the heart isHas a song ever flowed into the moment so perfectly that you freighter feel the artist soul take you over? It would be safe to say that this has happened to everyone. Humans as artistic creatures have the need to not totally express their feelings in words but also create an atmosphere of emotion with music so that their very soul is out in the abrupt for the creation to hear. Fear, anger, heartbreak, rebellion, and love be all things we express creatively through music. These emotions are expressed differently through out the many types of music that the world has to offer and all have very distinct sounds.Punk is the epitome of an obnoxious rebellion, circle jerks pissed at the world. Basically punk is a life style that has grown from original to mainstream and back. The raw fast music created by urban youth has influenced people around the world with catchy anthems of rebellion and unity. A peck of the vulgar and aggressive qualities have been lo st in this music over the years as its become more popular. Punk is now watered down with love ballads and bands dressing the part, misrepresenting the original intentions of punk with its anti conformist values. I think this quote by black flag sums up my aspect on punk, we are born with chance, and I am going to have my chance. We are tired of your abuse, try to stop us but its no use. rose hip hop originally had intentions of help the minoritys struggle be more broad band exposed outside the ghettos to raise attention to the problems they endure because of their status economically and socially. Free styling is a style of hip hop that can show some ones talent, proficiency and mastery of the art that is hip hop. this is often shown by temperament and the character that the artist is trying to convey. Hip hop is vocally driven and does not focus on the beat as much as the message. if you do come across hip hop that is looped with R&B choruss and focuses more on the instrumental then the lyrical content you are most likely listening to what is known as rap and bullshit (R&B).

Character Analysis for Maus by Art Speigleman

Character List- round or flat guile Spiegelmilitary personnel- r * Art Spiegelman is the author and gradeteller of Maus, and also one of the storys main characters. * Born in Stockholm after the Holocaust, he is the only surviving child of Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. * He is married to Francoise, a French woman who converted to Judaism upon their engagement. * Maus centers around two primary narratives Vladeks experiences as a Jew in World War II Poland, and Arts birth with his aging father. * When the story opens, Art lives in New York and does not see his father very often, though he lives only a short distance a look in Queens. scarce as Art begins to draw this story about Vladeks Holocaust experiences, he begins to visit his father more and more frequently. * Their descent is strained, as Vladeks gruff doings and unwillingness to spend money routinely infuriate his give-and-take. * Art is filled with complex feelings towards his father ranging from admiration for his survi val in Auschwitz, to frustration towards his aggravating tendencies, and wickedness for his own neglect of a father who has lived by means of so many difficult times. * Art also has complex emotions towards the Holocaust.Though he did not live through it personally, he feels that he is constantly affected by it. * His fathers personality was largely formed from his experiences in Auschwitz, and this personality in turn directly affected the way in which Art was raised. Vladek Spiegelman- r * Vladek is Art Spiegelmans father. * He grew up in pre-war Poland, and much of Maus traces his experiences in the Holocaust, as told in his own words to his son. * As the story opens in 1978, he is married to his second wife, Mala. The couple does not take a crap along * Vladeks personality is largely dominated by his Holocaust experiences. During the Holocaust, he exhibited a spectacular resourcefulness, work ethic, and presence of mind that often encapabled him to secure food, shelter, and s afety for himself and his family. * He was a shrewd business sectorman, and in the most troubling times he saved everything of use. In 1978, he still saves everything and tries to exchange those things that he no longer needs. * Once so resourceful and competent, he is still constantly workings on small projects, some of which he is incapable of completing. Anja Spiegelman- r * Anja is Arts set out and Vladeks first wife.The couple meets in Poland while Vladek is in a long-term relationship with another woman, Lucia Greenberg. * Always an anxious woman, she suffers an acute depression shortly after the birth of her son and spends three months recovering in a sanitarium. * She survives the Holocaust with her husband, and they immigrate to the united States a few years after the war. * Anja commits suicide in 1968, leaving both Art and Vladek in emotional turmoil. * Arts last memory of his mother is recorded in a comic called Prisoner on the Hell Planet, in which she enters Arts room and asks him if he still loves her.His response, a terse and dismissive sure, haunts him for years. Lolek- f * Vladeks nephew and Uncle Hermans son. * Lolek lives with Anjas family for much of the initial German occupation, first at Anjas fathers house and then in the Srodula ghetto. * When the situation deteriorates and Vladek makes preparations to hide in a shelter until the Nazis have evacuated the town, * Lolek tells his uncle that he is tired of hiding, and he is soon transported to Auschwitz. He survives the camps and eventually becomes a college professor. Richieu Spiegelman- f Richieu is Vladek and Anjas first child, born in Poland in 1937. * In 1943, Vladek and Anja send him to live downstairs the protection of Uncle Persis, where they think he will be safer. * Richieu travels with Anjas sister, Tosha * But soon after, Zawiercie is liquidated by the Nazis. Rather than be taken to the foul up chamber, Tosha poisons herself and the children under her lot, including Ri chieu. * After his death, Vladek and Anja agree a photograph of their first child hanging on the wall of their bedroom. Mala Spiegelman- f * Mala is Vladeks second wife, and a friend of his family from before the war. The couple does not get along. * Mala is consumed with frustration towards Vladeks inability to part with money, while Vladek views his wife with considerable distrust and accuses her of trying to steal his money. Francoise- f * Arts wife. * She is French and converted to Judaism in preparation for their spousal relationship to please Vladek. * She is intelligent, kind, and opinionated, and their relationship is strong. * She plays a relatively minor role in the story, serving mostly as a means for Art to discuss his relationship with his father and the Holocaust. Mr. Zylberberg- f Anjas father. * Before the war, he is a wealthy manufacturer who owns a factory. * When Vladek and Anja are married, he provides Vladek with a factory of his own. * He survives with his fa mily in German-occupied Poland, until the family is captured and send to a calculate transport to Auschwitz. * By bribing his cousin, Haskel, Vladek is able to arrange for the release of himself and Anja. Orbach- f * A friend of Vladeks family in Poland. * When Vladek is a prisoner of war, Orbach claims him as a cousin, so that Vladek is released into his custody and eventually returns scale to Sosnowiec.Vladeks father- f * Vladeks father is a tough and deeply religious man. * His wife dies of cancer before the worst of the Holocaust. * Before the war, Vladeks father intentionally starves his son so that he will be declared unfit for the army. * Later, the Nazi grip tightens, and all Jews are made to register in a nearby stadium. Those who are fit to work are sent to one side, while the elderly and women with many children are sent to their deaths at the denseness camps. By registering at a table manned by his cousin, Mordecai, Vladeks father is spared. Before he leaves the tadium , however, he sees his daughter, Fela (Vladeks sister) and her four small children standing with those destined for Auschwitz. He crosses over to be with her, and all die in the camps. Uncle Herman- f * Anjas brother. * Along with his wife, Hela, he is visiting the New York Worlds Fair when the war begins, and they remain in the United States to escape the horrors abroad. Tosha- f * Tosha is Anjas older sister. * At the beginning of the German occupation of Poland, she lives with Anjas family in her fathers house, along with her husband, Wolfe, and their small daughter, Bibbi. As the situation deteriorates Uncle Persis offers to keep her safely in nearby Zawiercie ghetto, where he is a prominent member of the Jewish Council. * She agrees, and leaves with Wolfe, Bibbi, and Vladeks son Richieu. Soon, though, the Germans slaughter the Jewish Council and begin to evacuate the Jews of Zawiercie to the camps. Rather than be sent to the gas chambers, Tosha poisons herself, her daughter, He rmans daughter Lonia, and Vladeks son Richieu. Mr. Ilzecki- f * A former customer of Vladeks from before the war. The two meet again after the German occupation and begin conducting business on the Sosnowiec black market * Mr. Ilzecki has a son about the same age as Vladeks, and he offers to send Richieu along with his own son to a culture friend to hide until things get better. Nahum Cohn- f * A friend and business partner of Vladeks during his black market days in Sosnowiec. * Nahum is arrested along with his son for selling goods without coupons. * The Nazis decide to make an example of them and they are hanged in a well-know black market center and left there for a full week. Anjas Grandparents- f During the initial period of the German occupation, they live in Anjas fathers house with the rest of the family. * Later, they are told to relocate to a community better prepared to take care of the elderly. * The family hides them for over a month, until the authorities arrest Anja s father and threaten to arrest more of his family if the grandparents are not given over to the Germans. * Anjas grandparents are taken apart to Auschwitz, where they are killed. Haskel Spiegelman- f * Haskel is Vladeks cousin, and chief of the Jewish Police in the Srodula ghetto. He is the brother of Miloch and Pesach. He is what Vladek calls a kombinacya, or schemer. * While he is a sort of unsavory character, he is a good person to know in the ghetto. * When Vladeks family is discovered in the chandelier bunker and sent to a compound to wait for transport to Auschwitz, Haskel arranges for Vladek, Anja, and Lolek to be released in exchange for valuables. Miloch Spiegelman- f * Miloch is Vladeks cousin, and brother to Haskel and Pesach. * He is Vladeks supervisor at the shoe repair shop in the Srodula ghetto, and an honorable man compared to the scheming Haskel. When the Germans make plans to eliminate all Jews in the ghetto, he prepares a hidden shelter behind a pile of shoes at the shop, where Vladek, Anja, and 15 other people hide for days. Pesach Spiegelman- f * Pesach is Vladeks cousin, and brother to Miloch and Haskel. * Like Haskel, he is a schemer and a rather unsavory character. * His most significant interlocking centers on a scheme to sell cake to the inhabitants of the ghetto. * He makes a fortune, but everyone who eats it becomes sick the cake was accidentally made with laundry goo in addition to flour. Mr. Lukowski- f The janitor at Anjas fathers house. * When Vladek and Anja escape from the Srodula ghetto, they knock on his door and he allows them to stay in a shed behind his house. Mrs. Kawka- f * Mrs. Kawka is the owner of a small farm on the outskirts of Sosnowiec, and for a price she allows Vladek and Anja to hide in her barn. * Mrs. Kawka is the person who tells Vladek about the smugglers who can take him to Hungary. Mrs. Motonowa- f * Vladek befriends Mrs. Motonowa at the Sosnowiec black market after the liquidation of Srodula, and she offers to hide him and Anja at her farm, with her seven-year-old son. She is a kind woman, and the house is comfortable, except for a ten-day period in which Mrs. Motonowas husband returns home from Germany on vacation, and they are forced to stay in the basement. * After Vladek and Anja attempt to escape to Hungary, she shelters Miloch and his family for the remainder of the war. Mandelbaum- f * Before the war, Mandelbaum owned a pastry broth in Sosnowiec where Vladek and Anja often shopped. Abraham- f * Abraham is Mandelbaums cousin. * He agrees to accompany the smugglers, and promises to write Mandelbaum and Vladek if he arrives safely in Hungary. He is betrayed, however, and forced at gunpoint to write the earn anyway. The Karps- f * The Karps are Vladeks neighbors at his Catskills bungalow. * When Art visits his father there, they take him aside and tell him that Vladek cannot possibly take care of himself. Vladeks Kapo- f * A kapo is a Polish supervisor at a concentrati on camp. * Soon after Vladek arrives at Auschwitz, Vladeks kapo asks the Jews in the barracks if anyone there can speak English. Pavel- f * Pavel is Arts psychiatrist. * Like Arts father, Pavel is a subsister of the Holocaust. Art sees him once a week, and the sessions always seem to make him feel better. Mancie- f * Mancie is a female Hungarian Jew at Birkenau with Anja, * has higher status as a result of an affair with S. S. guard. * She acts as a go-between for Vladek and his wife, carrying notes and food. The Frenchman- f * After Vladek is transferred from Auschwitz to Dachau, he befriends a Frenchman with whom he converses in English. * Because he is not Jewish, the Frenchman is able to receive packages of food through the Red Cross, which he shares with Vladek, probably saving his life. http//www. gradesaver. com/maus/study-guide/character-list/

History book report Essay

It is the circumstances and the characters of the founding brothers, their ideological as well as personal conflicts that created the US as a nation. SUMMARY Here is a presentation of US Historythe creation of a new nation that does not attempt to consolidate events into a general account that suggests the inevitability of the resolving power of Independence but examines biography in light of a handful of episodes involving central personages, their passions and conflicts that reveal as much of the creation of the nation after the Constitutional Convention.At one end were the Federalists including Washington, Hamilton and Adams who believed that revolution was a necessary step in order to establish US nationhood as embodied by the newly established federal government. On the other were the Republicans including Jefferson and Madison who saw revolution in its liberating character, holding the Declaration of Independence as most sacred, in contrast to the Federalists who consider th e Constitution most dear. At that time, there was no notion of valid opposition. Both sides purview about the others position as treasonable.These are the circumstances that surround the duel between Hamilton and Barr, which led to the formers death and appeal the latters political career. These are the circumstances that led to Washingtons non-acceptance of a third term as well as Jeffersons treacherous vilification of his friend, John Adams. This high level of political tension led to the compromise in 1790 to appease the Southern states, as a go away of fear of the states secession (despite both parties belief that slavery was inconsistent with the principles embodied by the Revolution).In all stages of these events, the characters were aware of that they were in fact, making history. BOOK REVIEWS 1. In Bobricks (2000) review of the Founding Brothers, he compared the Ellis style to Lytton Strachey, the author of Eminent Victorians. But according to him, Ellis was different in a way that the latter never veered towards making a caricature of the characters. He described the book as splendid humane, learned, written with flair and radiant with a calm intelligence and wit. He also guaranteed that even those who are familiar with the revolutionary generation will find the book to be both captivating and enlightening of the first old age of America as a nation. 2. Meanwhile, Hodgson (2002) said that Ellis method made possible the retention by general readers of their interest in a highly-intelligent discussion of eighteenth century politics. He thinks that The Founding Brothers is one of those rare books/analyses that can be read for pleasure. But despite these comments, he also notes that Ellis work suffers the characteristics of American Exceptionalism and helplessness to acknowledge Britains version of history.The Independent, where Hodgsons review was published is a British newspaper. REACTION TO BOOK REVIEWS There is nothing surprising about the posit ivist reviews gained by The Founding Brothers. After all, with the pervasiveness of the linear or historiographic approach, there is no doubt that the books manner of presentation can be characterized as a breath of fresh air. Ellis novel approach enabled him to indirectly give a general and probably in many ways, different accounts of history by being able to pick only six of all specific stories that could have contributed to history.This indicates not only deep knowledge of the personal lives of slightly characters as some reviewers point out, but also indicates a deep insight of what transpired in history as well as what as its implications and consequences. While it is certain that Ellis was able to make the book more interesting to the general readers, it is arguable that the books indifferent to others version of history is an issue. Ellis does not claim to make for to be a version of other nations histories or any nations history for that weigh.At best, what Ellis book a ttempts to represent is his own interpretation of history considering everything that he studied, and analyzed both as writer, researcher and historian. ENLIGHTENING Interpretations of history can be different depending on the manner of its presentation. In schools, and even in colleges, these founders are usually picture as saints, sometimes even to the point of idolatry. Ellis presentation of these founders is an attempt to humanize them in the minds of the readers.In the end, they are not depicted purely as models of idealism, motivated by pure goodwill and love for the country, but as politicians who regardless of their real motives are affected by contradictory circumstances, and sometimes real ambition. ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT The book is already enjoyable as it is despite whatever flaws it may have. One reviewer notes the fact that some point of views, particularly those of the British were not taken into account. The writer personally do not think that such alteration, or any alteration for that matter would be necessary to cause a significant change on the effect that the book had to the readers.References Bobrick, B. (2000). The Brethren. New York Times Online. Retrieved 28 April 2009 from http//www. nytimes. com/books/00/12/10/reviews/001210. 10bobrict. hypertext markup language? scp=1&sq=founding%20brothers%20review%20ellis&st=cse. Ellis, J. (2001). Founding Brothers The Revolutionary Generation. Alfred Knopf New York. Hodgson, G. (2002). The Apostles of the US Brought to Life. The Independent Online. Retrieved 28 Apriil 2009 from http//www. independent. co. uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/founding-brothersthe-revolutionary-generation-by-joseph-j-ellis-750973. html.

Macy’s Department Store Repositioning Essay

Executive SummaryAs the global recession happened, the traditional segment stores were experiencing consistently declining sales and mart sh atomic number 18. Also, the traditional subdivision stores industry is between mature and decline stage of life cycle. Macys formd parts of their system and consolidation that focuses on localizing management, strengthening supplier relationships and providing products and customer service based on local consumer preferences. However, the consolidation was not with problems. With dealing these problems Macys changed parts of the strategy as following* Continuing to induce hold its portfolio of store.* Focusing on Fashion.* Continuing to develop and debut Macys private labels in bedding, outwears etc.* Increasing national advertising with emphasis on musical mode and service. Statement of the problem/opportunity/and objectivesThe tradition department stores were one of the areas hit by the recession. While some companies dropped previous ly supported causes and programs, Macys got more dinero and market share through repositioning strategy and consolidation, even with the rough economic times. Analysis of the situationExternal and internalMacys is a miscellanea of traditional department store, and consolidation in 2005, at that time the economy is quite expert. In 2008, the broad environment is not good the economy of U.S. entered a recession. The sales of Macys are decreased. Also, in 2011, the price of gasoline and cotton were increased. This increased the cost of Macys. So the profit and market share of Macys reduced. As the department stores industry was attracting fewer and fewer consumers, Macys entered into the declining industry life cycle model. The recession and the declining industry life cycle model are two negatively affect the success of Macys. Although the external factors are not good, the internal factors are very good for Macys.One such factor was Macys has the national recognition. Another po sitive factor is Macys is really strong. It has 810 stores across the United States. Thirdly, Macys has the experience management. Macys was founded between 1843 and 1855 in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts. Department stores created for one-stop shop, More all over, they had specific experience in converting regional brands to the Macys brand. A fourth factor contributing to the successful consolidation was that Macys made their stores on salad days locations. These internal factors are positive for the success of Macys.Porters five forces modelPorters five forces model describes the competitive environment in terms of five basic competitive forces 1. The threat of new entrants. Macys had more competitors because more and more self-made fashion lines join to the market to get the market shares, such as H&M, Forever 21. Self-made fashion brands remodeled for more pleasant shopping experience. It is the threat for Macys. Also, the developed national stores declare the turn away c ost and overcome quality and service same as Macys, it cause the competition.2. The bargaining power of buyers.Buyers threaten an industry by forcing down price, bargaining for higher(prenominal) quality or more service, and playing competitors against each other. Macys has lower cost but because of the bad economic, the customers necessitate little bargaining power. Secondly, Macys already had everyday value. They give lower price means they will get lower profit. Low profit creates incentives to lower purchasing costs. However, highly profitable buyers are generally less price sensitive.3. The bargaining power of suppliers.Supplier power refers to the ability of providers of inputs to determine the price and terms of supply. Suppliers can exert power over firms industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services, so reducing profitability. After Macys consolidation, Macys bought mass amounts from same buyers and Macys have strong relationship with t hese buyers. The bargaining power of suppliers is really high.4. The threat of substitute products and services.All firms and industry compete with other industries offering substitute products or services. The threat of substitute products and services was the major concern, particularly with discounters such as Target offering similar products, and large chain that specialized in clothes such as H&M. 5. The intensity of the rivalry among competitors in an industry Rivalry refers to the degree to which firms respond to competitive moves of the other firms in the industry. Macys repositioned its industry atom to the upper middle level. Macys decided to change the strategy, they will be more fashionable and fashion at lower price. Also Macys change the brand to focus in attracting customers interested in fashion rather than customers in a specific demographic.Unique and a sustainable competitive receiptsMacys repositioned itself as an upper-middle level store is easily imitable. Ot her department stores also can position as the same level. But Macys cause to become Americas department store is something that other, small department stores cannot imitate. Also, Macys focus on less traditional and conservative than other department stores is a flawed value proposition, but it is not a bad one. Because of some of the consumers may like the traditional Macys. Consolidating brands to allow for lower prices is a good way to cut cost and to be unique.Identification and evaluation of alternativesMacys consolidation and repositioning strategy is really good and Macys did the best decisions. Because as the external environment is bad but Macys use itself internal advantage to consolidate and reposition to gain back the market share and profit. desegregation and repositioning strategy help Macys get more brand power, prime location and improved consumer experience. Additional Macys got consumers focus on the cheap fashion. However, it also came with some problems such as uncertain industry conditions, excess costs and emphasis on standardization.Macys FutureAs Macys pursued an aggressive strategy in 2011, Macys was doing well. Almost everybody knows the everyday value of Macys and Macys afford the America department store. But department stores industry is in declining and competition is growing rapidly. Macys has recently instituted the strategy to compete in a tough market. So Macys is doing well and have huge advantage, but maybe other department stores will catch up and overcome in following years. Macys may change strategy when economy, competition change.

Beyond The Human Essay

Nature is benevolent. It may condone one mistake of the human being. It may accommodate him in his only another folly. But when the human beings continue with the deliberate, malicious and intentional negative activities to destroy Nature, Nature will hit back with trem give the sackous vigor, for it has to recoup its original, lifelike health. Man is not the creature of Nature. Rather he is the product of the divine creative force that sustains the world. This novel by Atwood is grim and depressing and the contents therein, if it were to endure true, do not augur well for the wellbeing of human race.This book can be categorized as Science Fiction or speculative fiction, exclusively as one goes through the contents, it reads like predictions that will come true. There is a method in the imaginative narrations which reach the borders or truth. At the end of each chapter, the reader is compel take to nod his head and say-yes, this can happen How then to make this Planet Earth hea ven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, vegetable marrow full of love and deep respect for the laws of Nature and the life that refuses conflictsenough, these alone argon enoughTwo main themes dominate the book, pasang and Crake. The novel relates to the opposed future, the global warning has taken its toll, it has created many another(prenominal) changes to the geography of Earth, that the coastal cities do not exist, and the name of New York is New New York. Umbrellas wont do to go outside in the sun one invites certain death. The wealthier areas of the world still dominate, well-protected under places k todayn as compounds and areas known as The Pleebands still exist. race live the normal life here, and understand Nature and its glory better.They know the real worth of Gods gifts to humanity. The plot of the book has three central characters. The narrator, Snowman, formerly known as Jimmy, is the only surviving human being on this Planet Earth . The sad beginning of the novel describes this terminally ill Snowman, dormancy in a tree. Food is in short supply the sun is so hot that the Snowman has blisters on his body. The genetically engineered beings wolvogs and the pigoos that study managed to escape are now roaming the grounds, with no human beings to control them.At this stage, Atwood makes the reader ponder, as to what a sad pass the human race has arrived and the responsibility rests squarely on the shoulders of the captains who led the human race. The role of the scientists becomes suspect here. No doubt, they obey the orders of the politicians and do research on weapons of more and more and destruction. When questioned, their reply is that they have no responsibility for its use. Atwood provides the insistent advice to those who govern the affairs of humanity that if proper review is not worriede in time, even the desperate remedies will not be able to bend the forthcoming desperate details.The important quest ion is not who is responsible but what will happen to the Planet Earth, when such irreversible grim situations confront humanityin this particular story, the humanity itself is extinct so who is there to tell the story and also listen to the story To what a calamitous situation this mad craze for unending research has brought the human race, the so-called crown of creation How the human beings are unable to know the real source of happiness? admittedly happiness is not in reading more and more books, creating innovative materialistic objects.The products of mind related thinking can never be the eonian source of happiness. To achieve the state of bliss, an private has to cross the barrier of mind, rather transcend it. Now the only surviving human being the Snowman, has the added responsibility of feeling after a group of humanoid creatures named the Crackers. His best friend Crake invented them and created such class of people. They are supposed to be ideal human beings. If only the individual who created such human being were to know the exact nature of ideal human beings Crakers are strange creatures, with no emotions, no desires, and no sex drive.They fair procreate, as matter of reflex action. They are without any motivation. The concept of war is not known to these creatures, and this aspect seems to be the only good point well-nigh them. Being strict vegetarians, they have no desire for meat. They are simple people, but the meaning of their simplicity is not amenable to human reason. The question is, why for these Crakers were created at all? An important conclusion is the mind-less craze for research moldiness stop. How to stop it and where to stop it, should be the stir of the leadership of the humanity.A popular take issue to halt the undesirable and unhealthy growth of research that affects the human life must be on the top of the agenda. This aspect of research can be illustrated with an example. An over the counter medication for diabetes cla imsthe cure for diabetes is guaranteed with this medicine. But the side effects reported are, hypertension, night-blindness, hair fall, palpitation of the heart, with possible heart attack, high blood pressure, blisters etcetera Further research is in progress as to how to avoid these side-effects.Is it not prudent to own the original disease, instead of extending a cordial invitation to so many side effects? So, this much about the world of research related to the medical world. So, the important question is why the world ended and why should it have ended thus. Due to the follies of the miniscule of minority of human beings, the majority had to face the ultimate disastertotal extinction Atwood elucidates this aspect convincingly and indicates her deep concern for the real happiness of human beings, which is an attainable reality provided right type of efforts are made.Conclusion One must read this book one must re-read and ponder over the contents. The points mentioned in the boo k are logical and the conclusions are frightening. Just remember the atomic blasts done over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That was the time when the research on atomic weapons was still in its infancy. What if some mad political authority should initiate triggering the push-buttons of these silent demons? There wont be a Snowman to stash the ashes of humanity perhaps Does the humanity deserve this? Perhaps not Are we taking action and thinking strongly to avert such a situation?Perhaps not Then who is to blame? Perhaps ourselves The science-community, especially the bio-engineering division, is taken to task by Atwood and her deep suspicions about the craze of unending research are absolutely right. So, the scientists you may cross the moon and beat the stars but probe and research you must the mysteries of a happy human heart ************************** References Cited Atwood, Margaret (Author) Book Oryx and Crake. Paperback 376 pages Publisher Anchor (March 30, 2004) Language English ISBN-10 0385721676 ISBN-13 978-0385721677

Balance scorecard Essay

Wegmans Food Markets utilized an equalization scorecard to develop their solid business. An adjusted scorecard is intend to decipher the general mission for an brass instrument. The scorecard investigation endeavors to quantify and give input to associations with a specific end goal to help in implementation systems and targets. It characterizes the objectives and target organizations vision and SWOTT examination. Wegmans Food Market likewise utilizes the offset scorecard to enhance various interior capacities inside their organization.Financial PerspectiveThe money connect point of view reports the inquiry of how shell outholders see the firm budgetary objectives. The particular objectives rely on upon the organizations life cycle. Life cycle is cases of the organization harvest stage, development stage and supports stage. Wegmans Food Market gathers $7 billion a-year, with 85 grocery stores in Pennsylvania, New York, four in the East chute states. All Wegmans benefits are furr owed in the organization and imparted to their representative. Executives say the comp either is alsoable to invest in its employees and focus on steady, strategic development because Wegmans are not publicly traded (Wegmans 2014). The company offers a wide variety of products and services. Wegmans Food has 70,000 products compared to average supermarkets. Wegmans stores offer more node convenience services than any other supermarket chain.Employee PerspectiveThere are numerous points of interest to being a representative at Wegmans. Wegmans offers adaptable planning, focused and extensive profits bundle, and occupation improvement. Wegmans administration put time and vitality into creating associations with its laborers. For instance, both HR administrators and organization initiative make incessant store visits to converse with its workers about their worries and impart best practices. Since Wegmans genuinely thinks about the workers, the organization is focused on giving remar kable profits to both full-time and low maintenance representatives.Wegmans Food Supermarkets was voted twice as the Best Company to Work For, in the Fortune Magazine 2005 and 2013. Wegmans has awarded $95 million in scholarships to 30,000 employees since the company inaugurated the Wegmans Scholarship Program in 1984 (Wegmans 2014). Only 4,000 employees feature active scholarships each year. The company pays their employees a competitive wage and offers colleges reimburse tuition. The people Wegmans hire, loves their jobs.Employee TurnoverWorker swage is to the quantity of employees who quit an association and supplanted by new representatives. Worker turnover is measured as a rate which is called, Turnover Rate. The staple business has a high rate of specialist turnover. discordant people find their first occupation in a business while in auxiliary school and dont stay with it for long. disillusionment with low pay and uninteresting work. Wegmans strives to enable its workers, providing for employees with higher wages and a greater number of chances for prizes than most supermarkets, as indicated by Williams book.Wegmans has a turnover rate of only 7 percent, with 20 percent of representatives staying for a long time or more moreover expect a far compass part in the anomalous condition of agent turnover in the business. The company use employment offering and a packed workweek what is more offer working from home for a few workers. Eventually, Wegmansmade an environment that shows representatives they matter. The organization proverb is Representatives first, Clients second is focused around the conviction that when representatives feel administered to, they leave behind thusly show sympathy toward the clients they serve. guest PerspectiveCustomer is a standout amongst the trickiest viewpoint of the Balanced Scorecard structure. One needs to clearly recognize who is the customer in customer viewpoints, How to come up with purposes for customer perspect ives, How to not confuse customer objectives and desired business products. In 2013, Wegmans got more than 4,000 solicitations from individuals asking the organization to overspread a store in their group. An alternate 7,000 client kept in touch with say the extent to which they like shopping at Wegmans, on the curtilage that they like the items and administrations offered or admire the trend Wegmans workers treat them. Wegmans likewise accept that they can accomplish the customers objective just in the upshot that they satisfy the needs of our own kin. To our customers and our people we pledge continuous improvement, and we make the commitment Every Day You Get Our Best (Wegmans 2013).Wegmans Value and CultureWegmans share a common set of values-Who We Are. Wegmans believes in (Wegmans2013).CaringWe care about the well-being and success of every person.High StandardsHigh standards are a way of life. We pursue excellence in everything we do.Making A DifferenceWe make a differenc e in every community we serve.RespectWe respect and hark to our people.EmpowermentWe empower our people to make decisions that improve their work and benefit our customers and our company.Internal OperationThe Internal Process Perspective concentrates on all the exercises and pick up procedures needed in place for the organization to exceed expectations at giving the worth expected by the clients. Inner Processes are lead pointerswhere administration intermediation is conceivable to influence client and monetary results. Internal processes can be grouped intoOperations Management refining asset utilization, supply chain management, etcCustomer Management increasing and deepening relations, innovation (by new products and servicesRegulatory & Social establishing moral relations with the external stakeholdersConclusionWegmans Food is course onwards all its opponents because of the total experience they offers clients inside one shopping journey. Helpful people work there. That i s on a very basic level the zeal driving why customers fundamental hold backtracking. . This successful organization is known to be the one of the best organizations to do well. This paper is intended to inform pursuer with the idea of what makes a difference for a fruitful organization.ReferenceWegmans Food Markets SWOT Analysis. (2013). Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-6.Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. History. History of Wegmans Food Markets, Inc. Funding cosmos. N.P., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2012www.theclci.com/products_pmms-bsc03.htm

Computer-assisted translation Essay

A tangible rendition is a variation that follows closely the form of the source language. Also known as verbatim exposition real(a) translation, or directed translation, is the rendering of schoolbook from one language to a nonher news-for-word (Latin verbum pro verbo) rather than conveying the sense of the original. (This specialization is valid only when a literal translation does non accurately convey the sense, which is not invariably true.)Literal translation, or directed translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another word-for-word (Latin verbum pro verbo) rather than conveying the sense of the original. (This distinction is valid only when a literal translation does not accurately convey the sense, which is not invariably true. ) In translation studies, literal translation denotes technical translation of scientific, technical, technological or legal texts. 1 In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase and for phrasal ( sense) translation paraphrase. When considered a bad practice of conveying word by word (lexeme to lexeme, or morpheme to lexeme) translation of non-technical type literal translations has the meaning of mistranslating idioms,2 for example, or in the context of translating an analytic language to a synthetic language, it renders even the grammar unintelligible. Term in translation studies Usage The term literal translation often appeared in the titles of 19th-century English translations of classical, Bible and other texts.Cribs Literal translations (cribs, ponies, or trots) are sometimes prepared for a writer who is translating a work written in a language he does not know. For example, Robert Pinsky is reported to have utilisationd a literal translation in preparing his translation of Dantes Inferno (1994), as he does not know Italian. citation needed Similarly, Richard Pevear worked from literal translations provided by his wife, Larissa Volokhonsky, in their translations of se veral Russian novels. citation needed.Poetry to prose Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text that does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. There is, however, a great deal of difference betwixt a literal translation of a poetic work and a prose translation. A literal translation of poetry whitethorn be in prose rather than verse, but also be error free. Charles Singletons translation of The Divine Comedy (1975) is regarded as a prose translation.As a bad practiceLiteral translation implies that it is probably full of errors, since the translator has made no effort to convey, for example, correct idioms or shades of meaning. Examples A literal English translation of the German word Kindergarten would be children garden, but in English the expression refers to the school year between pre-school and first grade.Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in the target language (a affect also known as loan translation) are called calques, e.g. , beer garden from German Biergarten. Literal translation of the Italian sentence, So che questo non va bene (I know that this is not good), produces Know(I) that this not goes(it) well, which has English words and Italian grammar.Machine translation Early machine translations (as of 19623 at least) were notorious for this type of translation as they apparently employed a database of words and their translations.Later attempts utilized common phrases which resulted in better grammatical structure and capture of idioms but with many words left-hand(a) in the original language. For translating synthetic languages, a morphosyntactic analyzer and synthesizer is postulate. The best systems today use a combination of the above technologies and apply algorithms to correct the graphic sound of the translation. In the end though, professional translation firms that emp loy machine translation use it as a tool to create a close to translation that is then tweaked by a human, professionaltranslator.Pidgins Often, first-generation immigrants create something of a literal translation in how they speak their parents native language. This results in a ruffle of the deuce languages in something of a pidgin. Many such mixes have precise names, e. g. Spanglish or Germish. For example, American children of German immigrants are heard using rockingstool from the German word Schaukelstuhl instead of rocking chair. Mistranslations Literal translation of idioms is a source of numerous translators jokes and apocrypha.The following famous example has often been told both in the context of fledgling translators and that of machine translation When the sentence The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak ( , , an allusion to Mark 1438) was translated into Russian and then back to English, the result was The vodka is good, but the kernel is rotten (, , , ) . This is generally believed to be simply an amusing story, and not a factual reference to an actual machine translation error. 4Rating Scales for Narrative (open-ended or constructed) Questions Question secretarial find 76 Well Qualified expectation has extensive independent secretarial/clerical palpate ( may be more than or so five years). outlook has extensive association dealing with a wide assortment of complex issues relative to challenges encountered in the secretarial/clerical work milieu. chance provides specific dilate with respect to the diversity of tasks/projects they were involved in, and his/her manipulations and responsibilities. panoramas reaction is thorough and complete and completely addresses the question. 543 QualifiedCandidate has satisfactory independent secretarial/clerical experience (may be approximately tether to quaternion years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of complex issues relative to challenges encountered in the sec retarial/clerical work environment however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific expound in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate.Candidates response is complete and addresses the question. 21 Limited QualificationCandidate has restrict independent secretarial/clerical experience (may be less than approximately three years). Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the question. Candidates response may not be clear or complete. Candidates experience is limited and not at the level inevitable for this position. Question social services experience.76 Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience providing professional level social services (may be more than approximately four years). Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of issues relative to providing these services. C andidate provides specific details with respect to the services they have provided, the diversity of tasks/projects completed, and his/her design and responsibility. Candidates response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. 543 QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience providing professional level social services (may be approximately three to four years).Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to providing these services however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidates response is complete and addresses all of these areas. 21 Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience providing professional level social services (may be less than approximately three years), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or pr esented vaguely.Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the outlined areas of the question. Candidates response may not be clear or complete. Candidates experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. Question experience working with involuntarily attached individuals in a secured setting 76 Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be approximately two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of tasks in this setting, including basic cleaning and maintenance.Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role in providing service. Candidates response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. 543 QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be approximately one year). C andidate has experience dealing with the most important tasks (e. g. , perimeter patrol) however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate.Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidates response is complete and adequately addresses the question. 21 Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience working with involuntarily committed individuals in a secured setting (may be less than one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidates response may not be clear or complete.Candidates experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. Question interview experience 76 Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive experience interviewing clients to gather information (may be more than approximatel y two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of individuals in a range of situations and specifically identifies the communication medium (e. g. , telephone, in-person). Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, purpose of interview, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role.Candidates response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. 543 QualifiedCandidate has adequate experience interviewing clients to gather information (may be approximately one to two years). Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to interviewing however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidates response is complete and addresses all of these areas. 21Limited QualificationCandidate lacksadequate experience conducting interviews with clients (m ay be less than approximately one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely. Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidates response may not be clear or complete.Candidates experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. Question customer service experience 76 Well QualifiedCandidate has extensive customer service experience (may be more than approximately three years).Candidate has experience dealing with a wide variety of individuals in a range of situations (including communicating with difficult and/or hostile customers/clients). Candidate provides specific details with respect to the duties performed, purpose of customer service, diversity of situations encountered, and his/her role in providing service. Candidates response is thorough and complete and addresses all of the above-outlined areas. 543 QualifiedCandidate has a dequate customer service experience (may be approximately one to two years).Candidate has experience dealing with a variety of issues relative to providing customer service however, his/her experience is not as thorough as that of the well-qualified candidate. Candidate provides specific details in the same areas described for the well-qualified candidate. Candidates response is complete and addresses all of these areas. 21 Limited QualificationCandidate lacks adequate experience providing customer service (may be less than approximately one year), as required for this position. Candidate may have some experience, but that experience is limited or presented vaguely.Candidate may not provide specific details in response to the scope of the question. Candidates response may not be clear or complete. Candidates experience is limited and not at the level required for this position. Semantic differential scale http//edutechwiki. unige. ch/en/Semantic_differential_scaleExamples Attitude scale for a web site (S. Kim MacGregor and Yiping Lou) * boring-interesting * meaningless-meaningful * important-unimportant, * informative-uninformative * disorganized-organized * easy-difficult Websites From UPAs web maintenance and design, retrieved April 11, 2011.The XXX association whose web site looks like this is Unfriendly__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Friendly Amateurish__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Professional Ineffective__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Effective Dull__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Interesting Outdated__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Up-to-date Serious __1__2__3__4__5__6__7 caper Weak__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Strong This visual design is Cluttered__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Simple Unbalanced__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Balanced Unpleasant__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Pleasant Delicate__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Bold Confusing__1__2__3__4__5__6__7Clear Self report NURSING EXPERTISE SELF-REPORT SCALE Please circle the answer that best describes you.* 1. I am an RN another(prenominal) * 2. My job is Staff nurse Assistant Nurse Manager Other * 3 . Length of time since graduating as an RN Under 6 months 6 * months to 3 years more(prenominal) than 3 years * 4. Length of time working on your unit Under 6 months 6 months to * 3 years to a greater extent than 3 years * 5. Previous experience in nursing prior to graduating as an RN Under * 6 months 6 months to 3 years More than 3 years The following is a list of statements about nursing care. Please circle the number that best represents your agreement with the statement. 1. Strongly learn 2. Agree 3. Unsure 4. Disagree 5.Strongly Disagree * 1. I often know ahead of time that my patient will take a turn for the worse. 1 * 2. I frequently draw on past experiences when making patient care decisions. 2 * 3. Quality nursing care results from strictly adhering to policy and procedure. 5 * 4. When I do patient care, only a few pieces of information stand out as critically important. 2 * 5. I am consciously aware of the process of decision making in patient care. 1 * 6. Emotional atta chments get in the way of good nursing care. 5 * 7. When something goes wrongfulness with my patient, I seem to know automatically what to do.2 * 8. Sometimes I find it difficult to identify objective reasons for certain patient care decisions. 2 * 9. The best way to give good nursing care is to get close to the patient. 2 * 10. I find it time consuming to set priorities in patient care. 5 * 11. I make my best decisions about patient care when I remain objective. 4 * 12. In an emergency, things happen so readily that I put ont know what to do. 5 * 13. I base my patient care decisions more often on the rules that I learned in nursing school than on my experience in patient care. 5 * 14.It seems obvious to me what things need to be done first for my patients. 2 * 15. I use facts such as lab values and vital signs as my main source of information for making patient care decisions. 5 * 16. I normally require a lot of information about a patient care situation before I am comfortable with making a decision. 4 * 17. I do my best nursing care when I become truly involved with the patient. 1 * 18. I am comfortable with alter standard patient care procedures when I see the need. 3 * 19. Sudden patient care emergencies usually come as a complete amazement to me. 5 * 20.Most often I find myself relying on gut feelings when it comes to patient care. 5 Source Reprinted with permission from G. Garland, Self-Report of Competence, Journal of Nursing Staff Development, Vol. 12, no. 4, p. 197, 1996, Lippincott-Raven. http//www. research-paper-example. com/nursing-self-report-scale. html http//upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Example_Likert_Scale. svg Administering the thurstone scale Here is the final form. The respondents check only the statements with which they agree. The average ratings by the judges are shown in parentheses.These would not be included on the actual form given to respondents. Note that the more positive statements have a higher weight. Th is is a scale to notice your attitude toward marijuana. It does not deal with any other medicate, so please consider that the items pertain to marijuana exclusively. We want to know how students feel about this topic. In order to get honest answers, the questionnaires are to be filled out anonymously. Do not sign your name. Please check all those statements with which you agree. ___ 1. I dont approve of something that puts you out of a normal state of mind.(3.0) ___ 2. It has its place. (7. 1) ___ 3. It corrupts the individual (2. 2) ___ 4. Marijuana does some people a lot of good. (7. 9). ___ 5. Having never tried marijuana, I cant say what effects it would have. (6. 0) ___ 6. If marijuana is taken safely, its effect can be quite enjoyable. (8. 9) ___ 7. I think it is horrible and corrupting. (1. 6) ___ 8. It is usually the drug people start on before addiction. (4. 9) ___ 9. It is perfectly healthy and should be legalized. (10. 0) ___ 10. Its use by an indivi dual could be the beginning of a sad situation.(4. 1) http//psychology. ucdavis. edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/ scaling/enrich/thurstone. html Iba ang Pinoy ni Princess O. Canlas Ang Pilipinas ay binubuo ng ibat ibang lalawigan, at bawat lalawigan ay may kanya-kanyang bernakular. Ngunit iba-iba man ang salita, iba-iba mang lugar ang kinalakihan, iisa lang ang ugat na pinagmulan. Tayo ay Pilipino. Mahirap malaman kung ang isang tao ay Pilipino nga o hindi sa kasalukuyang panahon. Sapagkat ang iba sa atin ay mas nananalantay ang dugong banyaga. At kung minsan pay mahirap ding alamin sa kanilang gamit na wika.May maitim at mayroon namang maputi. May matangos ang ilong at mayroon namang sarat. May matangkad at mayroon din namang pandak. Ngunit isang katangian ang nagbubuklod sa mga Pilipino upang silay makilala mo at masabing IBA ANG PINOY Ang pagkakawanggawa ay may taglay na ibat ibang katangian. Sapagkat ang taong mapagkawanggawa ay masasabi ring matulungin sa kapwa, magalang, mabait, mapa gbigay, mapagpaumanhin, mapagtimpi, o mapang-unawa. At ang pagkakawanggawang ito ang makikita sa mga Pilipino. Isang katangiang higit sa kayamanan.Mapapansin hanggang sa kasalukuyan na ang Pinoy ay may kusang loob na pagtulong sa mga taong nasa kanyang paligid, kilala man niya ang mga ito o hindi. Sa lansangan, ang mga bata ay tinutulungang makatawid nang matiwasay. Ang matatanda ay inaalalayan sa kanilang paglalakad. Ang maraming dala-dalahan ay tinutulungan sa pagbibitbit. Ang mga hindi sinasadyang mahulog na bagay ay pinupulot upang iabot. Ang mga upuan sa pampublikong sasakyan ay ipinagkakaloob ng mga kalalakihan sa matatanda o sa kababaihan. Pagbibigay ng pagkain sa mga nagugutom. Pagbabahagi sa mga nangangailangan.Pagtanggap sa mga bisita nang may sigla, paghahain ng pagkain kahit kung minsan ay wala ng matira para sa kanila. At minsan namay pag-ako sa mga gawaing naiwan ng iba. At ang lahat ng mga ito ay ginawa ng kusang-loob at hindi napilitan lamang. Iyan ang Pinoy. Likas s a mga Pilipino ang pagkakawanggawa. At ang kalikasang ito ay dapat ingatan at pagyamanin pa. Nababatid ba natin na ang katangiang ito ay nakapagkukubli ng mga pagkukulang na ating nagawa sa mata ng Diyos? Sa iyong paggawa ng kabutihan, maaring may mga pagkakataon na ikay hindi napasalamatan o nginitian man lamang ng iyong tinulungan.At ang iyong ginawa akala moy walang saysay o walang kabuluhan. Ngunit may Isang higit sa lahat ay nakakaalam. At Siya ang tanging makapagsusukli sa iyong kabutihan. Ang paggawa ng kabutihan sa kapwa ay may katumbas na gantimpala sa Panginoon. Ngunit hindi man natin makamit ang biyayang iyon dito sa lupa, makasisiguro tayong sa langit ay ipagkakaloob ng Diyos ang gantimpala. Tayoy mga Pilipino, at nananalantay rin sa ating ugat ang dugong Kristiyano. Ang pagkakawanggawa ay patuloy nating ihandog o ibahagi sa ating kapwa. At hayaang ang ibang bansa ang magsabing, Pinoy ay dakila

An Overview of Sexual Harassment

Sexual agony is whizz of the biggest problems facing our informs and disdaines today. A week r bely goes by without a reminder of the pervasiveness of informal bedevil man tycoont as a social problem. Sexual torture is a growing problem in the political sympathies agencies, schools, and the corporations of the world however, numerous corporations are now adopting saucy anti- worrying policies. (Conta) The interpretation of internal torment is any unwished or inappropriate sexual attention. That holds touching, looks, comments, or gestures.A key part of sexual harassment is that it is one sided and un destinyed. There is a great difference between sexual arassment and romance or friendship, since those are common get holdings of two people. Often sexual harassment makes the victim feel guilty, but it is important for the victim to call that it is not their fault, the fault lies totally on the person who is the harasser. Many times fear is involved in sexual harassmen t because it isnt about physical attraction, its about power.In fact, many sexual harassment incidents bear place when one person is in a position of power over the other or when a adult female has an untraditional job such as a police officer, factory worker, business executive, or ny other traditionally male job. Typical victims of harassment are young, single, college-educated, members of a minority racial or ethnic group (if male), in a trainee position (or office/ clerical positions if male), or take a shit an immediate supervisor of the opposite Presently, it is hard for courts and others to decide when sexual harassment has taken place because the definition of sexual harassment is much too broad.Clearing up the legal definition of sexual harassment would discourage and punish harassers and bring comfort to the victims. Here are some points to remember in decision making hen sexual harassment takes place Sexual harassment is one-sided and * It is about power and not attra ction. * Subtle sexual behavior is former(prenominal)s socially acceptable, but some would consider it offensive and want it auction blockped. * Moderate sexual behavior is not socially acceptable, reasonable * Severe sexual behavior is never acceptable. (Swisher 28) Sexual harassment is a major problem in public schools, colleges, and universities.Surveys on college campuses show the take of respondents reporting to befool been sexually harassed ranging from 40-70 percent. Only two percent of campus harassment ases involve a professor demanding sex in return for a good grade. Most cases involve male and female students. In public schools current sexual harassment definitions are inappropriate, since bad sexual behavior of todays children isnt sexual harassment, but it is a reflection of the vulgar, violent, and the sexually explicit nature of our media and culture.When little six-year-old children get suspended from school for kissing girls on the cheek, it is not an example o f sexual harassment but of political Sexual harassment is still a big problem in schools and every school district in capital of the United States now has an antiharassment policy. Junior high or middle school has the biggest problem with sexual harassment mainly because of their immaturity and out-of-control hormones.Says Viki Simmons of the YWCA. Many times in high school, students dont think anything about it when harassment happens, but schools are now cracking down on it. Simmons interview) In the business world employers are now on notice that sexual harassment will no longer be tolerated in the workplace. Claims brought against alleged harassers include wrongful termination, invasion of privacy, violation of due process and free speech rights, efamation, and intentional infliction of ruttish distress. Sexual harassment usually happens to women in low-paying jobs, or women that have to have a job in order to support themselves and children.If sexual harassment happens at wor k, write down a detailed interpretation of what took place, so that it is well recorded and you dont have to think back to the incident. You should storage area a note launch pad handy for this purpose, or write it on a napkin to help you * What actually took place and what the wrongdoer said Another way to do this is to write a letter to the harasser. Be sure to keep a copy. Tell the person pop offly in the letter that his behavior toward you is unwanted.Tell the person that he will be reported if the behavior doesnt stop (Kolbert). According to the research group Catalyst, recent studies have found that 40 percent to 60 percent of woman express they have been harassed sometime in their Employers have a duty to investigate allegations of sexual harassment, and their employees have a legitimate interest group in knowing what activities could result in their termination. Ever clearer definitions of sexual harassment are being implement by more and more corporations around the country.As this happens, an increasing number of companies are searching for new ways of protecting themselves against allegations, adopting their own anti- harassment policies to combat this growing problem. CEOs should do a variety of things to stop sexual harassment in the work place. The most important thing is senior management makes it clear to workers that harassment in any form wont be tolerated. If top managers don take the issues seriously, employees wont either. Managers must also sympathise they are responsible for their Companies need an explicit written policy on sexual arassment that is widely gettable in the workplace.Most consultants advise companies to do more than only post the policy on publicise boards. They should distribute it company wide, repeatedly. Copies should be included in new employee orientation packets. Employees should have clear definitions of what sexual harassment is Many companies are now offering employee training sessions on sexual haras sment, and many say that follow up training is a good idea. Training programs should include all employees, rather than just managers. The tone should be gender neutral and avoid heavy iscussions on male harassment that magnate cause some resentment among the male employees.Many times programs arent effective because they spend a quite a little of time just attacking men and not the crime. Companies need a good system to know with complaints. A clear process for handling complaints shows that a company takes them seriously. Until 1991 it was harder for woman to make allegations of sexual harassment, since woman felt like there was nothing that they could do about it. But the highly publicized hearings of Clarence doubting doubting Thomas and Anita hillock in 1991 changed everything. During the fall of 1991, the subject of sexual harassment rabbed news headlines.Everyone began discussing this issue and emotions ran high. Judge Clarence Thomas was nominated to be a Supreme Court J ustice, which is Americas highest court, and Supreme Court Justices have their jobs for life. They cannot be fired. in the first place a person can be made a Justice, he or she must be questioned and Judge Thomas was ounce the head of a U. S. agency called the EEOC. The EEOC makes sure everyone is treated fairly when applying for a job. It also enforces laws against sexual harassment. Anita Hill is a law professor who worked with Judge Thomas at the EEOC many years ago.A few weeks into the Congressional Questioning she came forward and accused Thomas of sexual harassment. She claimed that he used to constantly ask her for dates and spoke to her about pornographic films he had seen. Anita Hill said that she was profoundly offended by these remarks but felt that she could not complain. Clarence Thomas was her boss, and she thought that her career could be Anita Hill was a very believable witness. But Judge Thomas denied her charges in the strongest possible terms. Who was telling th e fairness? The country was divided. But the issue was being discussed everywhere.Women from all across the nation told of their experiences with sexual harassment. And many men admitted being Finally, the senate voted to approve Judge Thomas. But the vote was close. Many senators had doubts about Thomass character. Others did not the, Thomass career should be destroyed because of one persons story. They said there was not enough evidence to prove there was wrongdoing. In the end, everyone agreed that sexual harassment is a serious problem everyone must become more dainty Its important to know that men have trouble too. Women are not the only victims of sexual harassment.to a greater extent and more men are being harassed in the workplace, classrooms, and locker rooms. Whoever is in the position of power tends to be the harasser. Men can be victims of both woman and other men Sexual harassment is very wide spread, but there are ways of avoiding it, such as Keeping everything pure ly on a business level. If working in the same room as the harasser, create a barrier between the two work stations with a desk or file cabinet, etc. Do not ask for personal favors or special treatment from the harasser so that he wont feel he is owed anything. Do not talk about anything personal.

Impact of Gay Marriage on Children Essay

Take a look at the picture of a cheery and a homosexual couple (see Figure 1). Long ago people would bring forth raised their eyebrows and gl atomic number 18d at such(prenominal) diaphanous display of affection amid two men and two women. They would necessitate scurried away and cursed them who diligent in activities that compromise morality. They would invite felt anger to know that a man would even intend of marrying an new(prenominal)wise man or a char to an a nonher(prenominal) woman. But years later, this picture has operate normal. Wherever people go, they see intrepid and sapphic couples. They be everywhere.And the presidency has also come to borrow this phenomenon, although at that place atomic number 18 still confers whether risible wedding ceremony, or alike-sex brotherhood, should be legalized and accepted. Gay marriage has been one of the tiny writes still non resolved and still plagued lots of people today. in that respect are debates and pr otests whether this should be legalized or accepted in the society. Many are strongly against funny marriage because of their various beliefs close marriage itself. On the other hand, many are also for zippy marriage because they think that marriage is each ab protrude equality and freedom to choose and decide.However, we must look at what gay marriage does to the tiddlerren, because they are also adversely affected by this. This paper allow for show that gay marriage (the precondition will be used interchangeably with same-sex marriage in this paper), has a negative pertain on children. In 1989, Denmark granted registered partnership to same-sex couples Norway, in 1993 Sweden, in 1994 and Iceland, in 1996. Other countries in Europe, such as France, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and Belgium also did the same (Lee Badgett 2). Meezan and Rauch report that gay marriage (or same-sex marriage) is a reality in the get together States and other parts of the world.They added th at for the advocates of same-sex marriage, it is a civil rights issue. For the opponents, it is a matter of morality. Both sides are correct, but most primally, it is a family-policy issue which has non been regarded with the right amount of attention in the Ameri gouge scene (97). The most important question to be considered is How will same-sex marriage affect the well-organism of children? The statistics showed significant trends. In 2007, Craft reported that in 1976 alone, there were about 300,000 to 500,000 gay and lesbian parents. In Bahamas alone, the number of homosexuals is increasing.Many of these, who keep open their gayness secret, have positions in companies and in regimens. The Rainbow Alliance of The Bahamas showed that gay individuals distinguishs up five percent while bisexuals make up 29 percent of The Bahamas population (see Chart 1). Additionally, there are about eight to 10 million children living in gay and lesbian househ senescents. It is estimated that the number of gay and lesbian people who are interested to adopt children is most two million. The highest concentration of choose children living with homosexual parents could be pitch in California.These children tend to be smaller. Gates, Lee Badgett, Chambers and Macomber estimated that there were about 65,000 adopted children living in a gay or lesbian household. more(prenominal)(prenominal)over, out of the estimated 3. 1 million gay and lesbian households in U. S. , 1. 6 percent includes an adopted child under the age of 18 (7) (see Table 1). In the oftentimes Asked Questions article by The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) marriage is all about love, commitment, sharing and compromise. It should not be denied to couples just because of their sex marriage is a personal choice.However, many believed that the purpose of marriage is fostering producing children is the natural end of marriage (Cline). Since gay marriage is unnatural (it cant produce children), Cline e xpress that it would violate this very idea. It would undermine marriage because it is a moral institution for promoting and protecting procreation. Although this paper posits that gay marriage has commanding impact on children, it is still important to look at both views about the same-sex marriage in order to make light of the things which are significant for the welfare of the children. Impact on ChildrenWhy should the children be considered when it comes to same-sex marriage? Children are helpless, according to Kurts. They rely upon large(p)s. They need the society to provide them with institutions that keep them safe from chaos. Additionally, they cannot articulate their need and cannot even vote. But, they are society. They are the future of the world. These are just or so of the primings why childrens well-being must be supported and encouraged. Baskerville is right in saying that the impact of gay marriage on children wasnt paid much attention because the focus was on t he debate over gay marriage.It is important to recognize the needs of the children because they deserve to grow in an environment where they have two legally recognized parents (Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health). Their relationship with their parents, the Committee furthered, must be horse barn and recognized. This must apply to all, whether the parents are of the opposite or of same sex. For those who advocate gay marriage, they said that gay marriage will have positive impact on the children. In an article by Sara Miles, she argued that illegalize gay marriage will deny children justice since marriage is peachy for kids.It is true that marriage is good for kids. Most of the literature about marriage would indicate that marriage brings positive outcomes for the children as it provides them with warm, close relationships with their parents. Advocates of gay marriage believe that these reasons must be taken into consideration and let someone marry whoeve r he wants to marry. Cline reported that those who oppose gay marriage will do anything to keep it from being legalized. However, there will come a time when gay marriage will be legal and recognized. In item, there were actions taken in other countries to make this possible.With the rise of the issue of gay marriage in America, other areas were also considered, such as toleration of children. Baskerville quoted what Democratic state Sen. in that locationse Murphy. She believed that closely half of all adopted children in Massachusetts live in households with homosexually-behaving adults. Baskerville added that allowing gay couples to have children, or to give them the right to adopt, is nearly the same as granting them the right to claim the children of a couple. The question here is whether the biological parents will harbour to be separated from their children.This is made easy by the governments initiative to give other peoples children to gay or lesbian couples. The govern ment also has the power to take cover the children from their biological parents even though the parents did not do something that would make the government take back the children. This is because the government now had the incentive and the means to take children from their parents with no due process. Baskerville reported that the 1974 Child Abuse barroom and Treatment Act (CAPTA) gives pecuniary incentives to the states to remove children from their original parents.As a result, CAPTA became instrumental in red children away from their parents. Additionally, the federal funds went to the foster-care providers. Even now, there are still children removed from their families despite the fact that foster menages were more abusive than the childrens original families. This problem existed for a long time until the government thought of another program. The government provided another program to solve the problem created by CAPTA, which is the 1997 Adoption and sound Families Act. It provided more financial assistance to enrapture children from foster care to adoption. This expanded the client base of stakeholders who had vested financial interest in available children. Gay marriage, it seemed, made this even worse. Baskerville reported that through having kids adopted by gay couples, the government officials can take advantage of the adoption. These government officials can very well eudaemonia through the funds that are set for the Act. Rekers provided three reasons on why Arkansas has prohibited homosexually-behaving adults from being given license to be foster parents.First The inherent nature and structure of households with a homosexually-behaving adult uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses that are over and higher up usual stress levels in straightaway foster homes. (Rekers 2) This means that those children entering foster care usually have high incidence of psychological disorder. Rekers ex plained that if homosexual parents adopted those children, they (the children) are likely to be at risk of psychological harm and maladjustment.This happens when the children are exposed in greater stress brought upon them by the unspotted presence of a homosexual in a foster home. Moreover, Rekers believed that the children are affected in such a way that they are at risk of depression or psychological disorders (2). Second, Rekers reasoned out the relationships between homosexually-behaving adults tend to be less stable and short-lived, unlike the relationship between a unite man and woman. Therefore, this would not be appropriate for children because they will be easily influenced.Furthermore, Rekers believed that suicidal attempt, substance abuse, psychological disorders and breakups happen most often with homosexual partners. Thus, they are incapable of providing a secure and stable home that foster children needed. And if children are to be adopted by these homosexually-beha ving adults, it would mean that children will be removed and transfer to another home. Sometimes the transition is traumatic for these children. Third, the household structure of foster-parents consisting of one or more homosexually-behaving members denies children their needs for adjustment that can be found in straight person foster homes.Rekers backed this third reason by explaining that unlike heterosexual person households, a household with homosexually-behaving adults lack the concrete role of a breed and a father, which is necessary for the growth and development of children. Additionally, homosexual households lack the role of a mother and a father in raising children. Also, the children have no chance to witness a husband/ wife relationship, which the society thinks is socially stable and healthier for the children.Rekers said that the children who live with a married man and woman are rectify adjusted compared to those who live in households with homosexually-behaving adults. Children in foster care must be placed with heterosexual married couple because this will provide them with their needed benefits and leads to better child adjustment. A study presented by Jacobs in her article showed that nearly all 50 studies do on the children of gay and lesbian couples (between six and 14 million in the United States) showed no significant difference between children raised by heterosexual or homosexual couples.However, those who oppose gay marriage argued that most of the studies done were small, there were methodological flaws, and mostly were politically biased. Jacobs reported a study which showed that theres no significant difference whether a child is raised by a gay or lesbian parents. In short, a child with gay or lesbian parents does not necessarily make him different from his peers. However, Jacobs presented some interesting findings from other researches regarding these differences. She mentioned that in 2001, Judith Stacey, a sociologist, a nd her colleague, Timothy Biblarz, found out that there are, in fact, some differences.They said that although gay and lesbian parenting is not harmful for children, those who have gay parents differ in some ways from those who have heterosexual parents. For instance, a study headed by Susan Golombok concluded that having homosexual parents does not encourage their children to become homosexuals. However, the daughters of lesbians were more open to the idea of being attracted to the same gender than the daughters of heterosexual mothers. some other finding was that out of the 25 children of lesbians, six of them had had relationship with someone of the same gender.The 21 children of heterosexual mothers did not have a relationship with the same gender. Kurts countered that gays have special case because the difficulties and challenges they set about are not from discrimination of marriage. The challenges and difficulties are due to the problem of sexual difference. He added that m arriage is just a solace for the challenges that are usual in situations faced by gays. Although gays are much tolerated in the United States, utilize marriage for the wrong purpose will not change the situations of gays.Instead, it will be the end of marriage, and the security it provides for the children who are helpless. Gay marriage will also have an effect on heterosexual marriage. supporting(a) gay marriage, according to Gallagher (qtd. in Darby), would mean that the courts will not fully support the views of those who advocate heterosexual marriage. Moreover, if heterosexual marriage is confirmed as a special institution that must be protected and upheld, the number of fatherless children will decrease.Heterosexual marriage will prevent the incidences of children born outside marriage. Kotulski (qtd. in Darby) contradicted this by saying that there will still be fatherless children. There will be factors that would continue to break families, such as poverty and violence . Other Effects Pawelski et. al have celebrated some other effects of same-sex marriage to children. These effects, as noted, were experienced at different levels. In the psychosocial level, gay and lesbian individuals usually undergo peer rejection, harassment, depression or isolation. In fact, Pawelski et.al reported that almost half (47%) of gay and lesbian teens have thought about committing suicide while 36% actually attempted. Oftentimes, these individuals experience rejection from their loved ones, maltreatment in schools, homelessness, and violence. As adults, they experience discrimination, marginalization and violence. Various debates over the issue of same-sex marriage intensified the unstable environment for the homosexuals in the society. Lack of support and acceptance for them and their children will have effects on their physical and psychosocial health and safety.The children of gay or lesbian couples may, in the same way, experience marginalization and discriminat ion by those who do not approve of gay or lesbian parenting. More often, these children do not know how or where to find support. Even alliances in schools that admit straight gays can make the situation worse. Pawelski et. al reported that children are brought into long-term partnerships with gay and lesbian parents through surrogacy, adoption and alternative insemination. Their study also delved into the attitudes and behavior, personality and adjustment of parents when it comes to parenting.The authors found out that there were only a few(prenominal) differences recorded regarding the comparison between lesbian and heterosexual mothers psychological adjustment, self-esteem and attitudes about child rearing. sapphic mothers, the study showed, passed the psychological assessments and interviews. Furthermore, the study showed that the attitudes of lesbian mothers did not differ much from those of heterosexual mothers. In the same way, gay fathers did not differ much from nongay fa thers. In fact, there are more similarities than differences.However, there is annoying over the effect of the parents sexual orientation on the children because this might lead to confusion and thus keep the children from interacting with their peers. It was found out that the children of divorced lesbian mothers experienced more teasing from peers during puerility than the children of divorced heterosexual mothers. It is of interest that Pawelski et. al mentioned that the children who grew up with gay or lesbian parents were more patient of of diversity and more nurturing than those children with heterosexual parents.Pawelski et. al mentioned another study which showed that children of heterosexual parents considered themselves more aggressive. Their parents and teachers regarded them as more domineering, bossy and negative. On the other hand, the children of lesbian parents considered themselves as more lovable. Their parents and teachers regarded them as more responsive, affe ctionate and overprotective of other younger children. Another study showed that the self-esteem, aggressiveness and sociability of children with lesbian parents and those with heterosexual parents have similarities.There were also studies conducted which showed that children of lesbian parents who were satisfied with their relationships have fewer behavioral problems and were better adjusted. There was also a study by the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health wherein the population consisted of 12105 adolescents in the United States. The authors found out that 44 adolescents, ranging from 12 to 18 years old, who were living with two women, were similar to others who have heterosexual parents when it comes to measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem and school success.There were also similarities regarding family relationships, care from others, neighborhood integration, regardless of whether the children come from opposite-gender or same-gender families (Pawelski et . al). Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts back in 2004, researches today showed that it may have positive impact in strengthening the ties between couples, their children and extended families. It is interesting to note, however, that a large number of young people in America seemed to support gay and lesbian issues.Olander, Kirby and Schmitt mentioned a survey done by the Council for Excellence in Government (CEG) and CIRCLE which asked young people from 15 to 25 years old their perspective about the rights of homosexuals. The survey found out that youths supported gay and lesbian issues such as protection in housing, employment and hate crime, legal partnerships or civic unions and the ability to adopt children (2). There are others who view gay marriage on a positive note. Carpenter believed that gay marriage helps children.He said that gay parenting nowadays is very common in the United States, and that there are children in every gay and lesbian househ old. He did not seem to agree that children are better raised by a married man and woman. He furthered that gay marriage will not take away children from their biological parents. Although there is no reported shortage of children, the number of married couples is not enough to raise these children. And this is the reason why singles and unmarried couples are allowed sub-optimal parenting.Carpenter thought that this order of battle is better than foster care where the effects on children are unfavorable. Brinkmann countered Carpenters views. She believed that if a child is exposed to both sexes in a household, it will have positive effects on his developmental needs. She explained that this aids them in forming their sexual identity. Since the breakdown of marriage in the country had negative effects specially on children, it must be considered that a heterosexual marriage will provide the children stability with regards to family relationships.Brinkmann furthered that without het erosexual marriage, the society will disintegrate. Times have changed and more changes will manifest in the future. Amidst these changes, the welfare of children who are affected by gay marriage must be the utmost consideration. This means that supporting heterosexual marriage will be beneficial for these children. The government and families must make sure that every footstep of the way, these children will be encouraged and supported. Their needs must be met in order for them to grow as responsible citizens in our society.