Credit Card Theft Is Not For Hard Working Consumers...

No matter what precautions are taken, credit and debit card fraud will remain an enemy to hard working consumers everywhere. Credit card thieves can use a variety of methods to attack the consumer. ATMs can be used to steal information from a debit card transaction. Online predators can steal credit card information through a click of a button. Stores can also be targeted through the use of data mining in the magnetic card readers. Persistent consumer vigilance is needed if credit card theft is to be avoided. ATM machines with exorbitant fees have been thought to be acting as highway robbers, now they may even have a thieving companion; Card scanners. By stealing the information off the credit card as it is swiped the consumer is not even aware they have been attacked. Even if the consumer is careful to hide their hand as they enter the PIN in order to withdraw money from an ATM, the larcenist might still have a hidden camera or card reader to steal the card information. Erin Lowry, a content director for a popular magazine was a victim of two different attacks on her credit identity; she had $600 stolen from her account after using a shady ATM with a hidden scanner inside. The use of a low security ATM is a consumer error, but with everyday stresses sometimes common sense is abandoned in place of convenience. Larcenists will place these scanners inside ATM’s located in low socioeconomic areas with the intent to instantly copy the card numbers onto an embedded micro storageShow Mor eRelatedElectronic Theft : A Victim s Credit Score And Peace Of Mind Essay2091 Words   |  9 Pagesidentification, credit or even a mortgage, you become a victim of identity theft. This crime is devastating to a victim’s credit score and peace of mind. Illinois ranked fifth among states in the number of identity complaints reported to the Consumer Sentinel, a database developed and maintained by the Federal Trade Commission. Identity theft involves a thief, a victim, law enforcement, and identity theft affidavit that will help you report the information. All crimes such as rape and auto theft have someRead MoreData Breach3986 Words   |  16 PagesIn today’s digital world, most Americans leave long electronic trails of private information wherever they go. But too often, that data is compromised. When they shop—whether online or at brick and mortar stores—retailers gain access to their credit card numbers. Medical institutions maintain patient records, which are increasingly electronic. Corporations store copious customer lists and employee Social Security numbers. These types of data frequently get loose. Hackers gain entry to improperlyRead MoreAustralian Personal Property Securities Laws Essay3186 Words   |  13 Pageswhich encourage consumers and producers to â€Å"conveniently †¦ raise finance †¦on the security of such property†[2] which encourage investment which in turn leads to the creation of wealth. The old PPS laws are majorly derived from 19th century legislation borrowed from the common Law of England[3]. The main modernising legislation is Article 9 the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)[4] of the United States . As in the USA, there is a need to reduce the costs associated with the Consumer Credit Code. The UCCRead MoreProject Proposal for E-Commerce Site4703 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Introduction In 1990 Tim Berners Lee a professor developed the World Wide Web server, and it opened for commercial use in 1991. In 1994 there were several advancements that took place such as online banking offered by Stanford Federal Credit Union to all its members and the online Pizza Shop by Pizza Hut. In the same year, Netscape introduced SSL encryption of data transmitted online, which has become essential for secure online shopping. This was the renaissance of new ways of doingRead MoreComputers Have Become A Necessity Of Human Life3038 Words   |  13 Pagesthe Internet. 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We know that computer literacy is defined as a person who is very skilled in using microsoft word, excel, powerpoint, outlook, etc. Computers are everywhere among us to use for personal daily lives. They are used for students to do their personal homework, grading for exams, evaluations, and can even can calculate your grade point averages which all this information can be delivered. Computers alsoRead MoreCostco External Analysis Essay6962 Words   |  28 Pagesdue to slightly higher average amounts spent by consumers as well as higher gas prices. In 2008, Costco operated at a 10.53% gross margin, up slightly from 10.52% in 2007 due to 0.24% increase in sales higher margin categories, primarily food and sundries. 2.0 Company History Founded by James Sinegal and Jeffrey Brotman, Costco opened its first warehouse in Seattle, Washington, on September 15, 1983. Sinegal had started in retailing by working for Sol Price at both FedMart and Price Club. BrotmanRead MoreVb Sof 54012008 Words   |  49 PagesSOF640 E-Commerce Final Exam True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. Transferring funds, placing orders, sending invoices, and shipping goods to customers are all types of activities or transactions. ____ 2. Business-to-consumer electronic commerce occurs when a person sells an item through a Web auction site to another person. ____ 3. An airline ticket is an excellent example of an item with a high value-to-weight ratio. ____ 4. Electronic commerce reduces the speed and

The Fiction of Literature Folk Tales, Fan Fiction, and...

The Fiction of Literature: Folk Tales, Fan Fiction, and Oral Tradition in the Internet Age In 1951, JRR Tolkien wrote a letter to his publisher, Milton Waldman, in an attempt to describe his vision for The Lord of the Rings. After outlining the scope of his many interconnected plots, Tolkien self-consciously articulated his hopes for his novel’s reception: Do not laugh! But once upon a time (my crest has long since fallen) I had a mind to make a body of more or less connected legend, ranging from the large and cosmogonic to the level of romantic fairy-story†¦ The cycles should be linked to a majestic whole, and yet leave scope for other minds and hands, wielding paint and music and drama. Absurd.† With the benefit of hindsight, we know now that his idea was not ‘absurd’. Tolkien almost presciently describes the place his novels have taken in Western culture. Tolkien’s works, in the words of Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey, â€Å"ha[ve] become part of the mental furniture of the culture†¦ [They are] a story that everybody kn[ows] about, even if they c[a]n’t remember ever reading or hearing any version of it.† This cultural awareness of a story is the direct result of the adaptations and additions Tolkien described. First with official illustrations, and later with an entire genre of Tolkien- inspired bands and musicians, and even a ballet, many other hands and minds have added to the majestic whole. In recent years, the Peter Jackson adaptations of The Lord of the Rings, a storyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesBusiness School, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland This book makes it easier to understand the current stand of organization theory. I strongly recommend it to anyone seriously interested in the different intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments ofRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCommunication Skills 83 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for Recruiting Minorities and Women 60 Adverse Impact 61 Chapter 4 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 Learning Outcomes 84 Introduction 86 What Other Laws Affect Discrimination Practices? 61 Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 62 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 62 viii Contents Employee Rights Legislation and the HRM Implications 86 The Privacy Act of 1974 86 The Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1974 87 The Drug-Free

Battle of Chattanooga free essay sample

With the situation worsening, President Lincoln made the Military Division of the Mississippi and placed Major General Ulysses S. Grant in command of all Union armies in the West. Moving quickly, Grant relieved Rosecrans, replacing him with Major General George H. Thomas, and engineer Major General William F. Smith to open a supply line to Chattanooga. After making a successful landing at Browns Landing, west of the city, Smith was able to link up with Thomas and open a supply route in October, which was known as the Cracker Line. On the night of October 28 and 29, Bragg ordered Lieutenant General James Longstreet to sever the Cracker Line. Attacking at Wauhatchie, the Confederate general was very mad. With a way into Chattanooga open, Grant began reinforcing the Union position by sending Major General Joseph Hooker with the XI and XII Corps and then an additional four divisions under Major General William T. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle of Chattanooga or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sherman. While Union forces were growing, Bragg reduced his army by sending Longstreets force to Knoxville to attack a Union force that was under Major General Ambrose Burnside. Having consolidated his position, Grant began offensive operations on November 23, by ordering Thomas to go on from the city and take a string of hills near the foot of Missionary Ridge. The next day, Hooker was ordered to take Lookout Mountain. Crossing the Tennessee River, Hookers men found that the Confederates had failed to defend a valley between the river and mountain. Attacking through this opening, Hookers men succeeded in pushing the Confederates off the mountain. As the fighting ended around 3:00 PM, a fog descended on the mountain, which gave the battle the name of The Battle Above the Clouds. To the north of the city, Grant ordered Sherman to attack the north end of Missionary Ridge. Moving across the river, Sherman took what he believed was the north end of the ridge, but was actually Billy Goat Hill. His advance was stopped by Confederates under Major General Patrick Cleburne at Tunnel Hill. He thought that a frontal assault on Missionary Ridge to be suicidal, Grant planned to envelop Braggs line with Hooker attacking the south and Sherman from the north. To defend his position, Bragg had wanted three rows of rifle pits to be dug on Missionary Ridge, with artillery on the very top. Moving out the next day, both attacks met with little success as Shermans men were unable to break Cleburnes line and Hooker was delayed by burned bridges over Chattanooga Creek. As reports of slow progress arrived, Grant began to believe that Bragg was weakening his center to reinforce his sides. To test this, he ordered Thomas to have his men advance and take the first line of Confederate rifle pits on Missionary Ridge. Attacking, the Army of the Cumberland, which for weeks had suffered taunts about the defeat at Chickamauga, succeeded in driving the Confederates from their position. Halting as ordered, the Army of the Cumberland soon found itself taking heavy fire from the other two lines of rifle pits above. Without orders, the men started to move up the hill in order to continue the battle. Though originally mad at what he perceived to be a neglect for his orders, Grant moved to have the attack supported. On the ridge, Thomas men advanced steadily, aided by the fact that Braggs engineers had accidentally placed the artillery on the actual crest of the ridge, rather than the military crest. This mistake stopped the guns from being brought to bear on the attackers. In one of the wars most dramatic events, the Union soldiers surged up the hill, broke Braggs center, and put the Army of Tennessee to rout. This battle finally ended in a Union win, which they were of course happy about, but even happier because of their loss at Chickamauga, so this win made them feel like it made up for their other loss. The victory at Chattanooga cost the Union 753 men that were killed, 4,7220 of the men in their troops were injured and 349 missing. The Confederate’s casualties were listed as 361 killed, 2,160 wounded, and 4,146 captured and missing. The Battle of Chattanooga opened the door for the invasion of the Deep South and the capture of Atlanta in 1864. In addition, the battle destroyed the Army of Tennessee and forced Confederate President Jefferson Davis to relieve Bragg and replace him General Joseph E. Johnston. Following the battle, Bragg’s men went back south to Dalton, GA. Hooker was sent out to pursue the broken army, but was defeated by Cleburne at the Battle of Riggold Gap on November 27, 1863. The Battle of Chattanooga was the last time Grant fought in the West as he moved East to deal with Confederate General Robert E. Lee the following spring. ? Bibliography †¢www. wikipedia. org †¢www. wiki. answers. com/ †¢http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Battle_Of_Chattanooga †¢http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Chattanooga †¢http://www. nps. gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn024. htm †¢http://www. battlesforchattanooga. com/

Lab Report Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags Essay Example

Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags Paper In this experiment, we aimed to extract caffeine from the tea leaves in the tea bags provided beginning with a lid-liquid extraction method and then a liquid-liquid extraction. Extraction techniques are used to isolate and remove particular compounds form another substance. For both solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques, solvents should be chosen by their miscibility in water (should be immiscible), they should have relatively low boiling points for faster and easier extraction, and they should be enervative with the other substances being used in the experiment. In this experiment, a solid-liquid extraction method was used first to extract the caffeine room the tea leaves/tea bags to by dissolving sodium carbonate in hot water and creating an aqueous sodium carbonate solvent. Sodium carbonate and hot water were added to the tea bags and was let to stand for about 7 minutes in order to bring the caffeine molecules out of the tea bags and into the aqueous solution. Because caffeine is water-soluble and is a base, sodium carbonate must be added to the hot water to prevent it from reacting with the acids present and to ensure it remains a base. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A liquid-liquid extraction was then performed to extract the caffeine from the mixture by adding disintermediation. In a liquid- liquid extraction, two layers are needed- an organic layer and an aqueous layer- that are both immiscible in water. Disintermediation was used as the organic layer and the aqueous sodium carbonate solution was used as the aqueous layer. Caffeine is more soluble in organic substances so the disintermediation was used with a separators funnel to extract the caffeine from the aqueous sodium carbonate (the aqueous layer) and into the organic layer. The remaining organic layer that included the caffeine was dried using anhydrous calcium chloride lets since they are neutral and enervative and would not disrupt any further reactions. It was then distilled, and then the remaining disintermediation was evaporated, leaving crude, greenish-white crystalline caffeine. The most common method for purifying solid compounds is from rationalizations. Although we had a crystalline caffeine substance before, we had to recitalist it in order to remove the impurities (that caused it to have a green tinge to it rather than pure white). The resulting greenish-white crystalline caffeine was rationalized using a mixed-solvent method and dissolved in hot acetone while adding hexanes. Hexanes had to be used because of caffeines high solubility in acetone compared to hexane. A vacuum funnel using a Boucher funnel was used to remove the liquid and impurities and the remaining crystals were washed and transferred using a few drops of hexanes. Chemical Structures and Calculations Percent Yield = Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield x 100 . 03 g/ . 25 g x = Procedure 1 . 225 ml of boiling water was added to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 10 tea bag and 20 g of sodium bicarbonate. The solution was decanted into a separate Erlenmeyer flask after it soaked for about 8 minutes. An additional 50 ml of hot water was added to the Erlenmeyer flask with the remaining tea bags and was then immediately decanted and added to the first extracted solution. Total water used = 275 ml. 2. ) The aqueous sodium carbonate solution was cooled and w e extracted it twice with separate 30-ml portions of disintermediation into a separators funnel. We rocked the separators funnel several times and then extracted the disintermediation from the funnel into a beaker, excluding the emulsion layer that had formed. 3. We extracted some more disintermediation into the same beaker, but included the emulsion layer and added anhydrous calcium chloride pellets to dry the solution and emulsion layer. We added several spoon full until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets stopped clumping together. 4. ) The disintermediation solution was then filtered into a clean Erlenmeyer flask using filter paper and a Hirsch funnel. 5. The anhydrous calcium chloride was then washed with disintermediation and then placed on a hot plate to evaporate it. A wood stick served as a boiling stick to prevent superannuating. . ) A greenish-white residue was left over, coming out to weigh . 25 g 7. ) We added hexane to the left over residue and then dissolved the greenish white caffeine residue in 5 ml of hot acetone the solution was a cloudy white. 8. ) After w e let the solution cool, we vacuum filtered it, using a small Boucher funnel. We added some additional hexane to help transfer and wash the crystals through the vacuum filtration. 9. ) We did not repeat the process. 10. Anal weight was 30 MGM Data Results Once we conducted the solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, we sighed the resulting greenish-white caffeine crystals and recorded . 25 g (this included the impurities). After we rationalized it with the acetone and hexane to remove the impurities, the final weight was . 03 g. Discussion We were successful in extracting caffeine from the tea bags, but based on the percent yield, we were not successful in extracting a large amount of caffeine. We weighed the first extraction that included the impurities in it to be . 25 g and the final extraction without the impurities to be . 3 g resulting in a low percent yield of 12%. We believe that adding the hexane before the hot acetone to the residue during the rationalizatio ns process caused the low amount of caffeine we successfully extracted in this experiment. We did not think it would make much of a difference at the time, but in hindsight, realize that this messes up the mixed-solvent method that recitalists the caffeine, thus not getting a higher percent yield because not all of the caffeine precipitated out. The purity of our extract should not have been affected because we vacuum filtered the cool solution that contained the crystals twice.