Types of Teachers Essay Example for Free

Types of Teachers EssayAbstract This paper explains three different types of teachers and their role and impact over the educational system. By the same token it is emphasized that the teacher is an important part of the learning process who impacts the shaping of the lives of young children. The relationship between a assimilator and a teacher is a difficult one in most of cases and it is something that raises problems which need to be resolved.At this point every teacher has different manner of presenting and teaching the given material and the crucial role in establishing a close and fruitful collaboration with students is the approach of the teacher which should inspire positive attitudes and agreeable ambiences for learning. To illustrate such an approach, as well as the opposite of it, this paper consists of the following types of teachers intimate, unconditional and indifferent teachers. Key rallying crys authoritative, intimate, indifferent teacher Types of Teachers .Teachers atomic number 18 the ones that pass the noesis over to the students and they utilize different way of presenting the given material. According to Jupp (2012), Teachers make thousands of decisions each day, and they dont do it near abstract ideas. They do it about a life of a child. You cant imagine anything harder. For instance, some teachers bear this in mind and manage to create a friendly atmosphere which gives the students the needed motivation for seeking knowledge, whereas some teachers are non so proficient.The reason for this can be the lack of motivation of the teacher, because there are many teachers who evolve in this profession only because there was nothing else to do and their interest is simply based on earning money. Their goal at the end of the disunite is a finished syllabus, not passing knowledge. Students find this word form of situation frustrating and their frustration is seen in the outer world. Balanced, positive classroom allow be fill o ut the best of students.Many psychological studies, such as Baumrind (1971) which shows the various parenting styles can correlate with various teachers classroom styles in the sense that a good model of a parent is an appropriate model for teacher. According to the study, the crucial elements of relationships are the responsiveness and demandingness. Considering these elements teachers can be classified as authoritative, intimate, and indifferent. Authoritative teachers will be characterized by a high response, and a high demand, and are considered to be the closest to the ideal picture of a teacher.Most of them can be described with personality traits such as curious, creative, attentive, principled, astute, patient, hardworking, gregarious, communicative, and openhearted and perhaps the most important, proficient. They are eager to know something more about the student apart from their stolon and last name, something more about their individuality, more personal. They are more comparablely to build a good relationship with the students and will allow them participation in the class, as long as it is something relevant to the topic of the lesson, so the student involvement in the class is at a very high rate.These shipway of participations are important predictors of social and academic adjustment (Hughes, 2002). The authoritative classroom might be an excellent opportunity for developing oratory skills, because an authoritative teacher is open to feedback and debates with the students. However, authoritative classroom might not be ideal for developing speaking skills because some authoritative teachers are closed to feedback as this may question their authority. An authoritative teacher would organize the class neatly and not bad(p) and the discipline would be present throughout the class, so the students would feel comfortable and respectful.In ideal situation mutual respect and cooperation are the most important tools of an authoritative teacher for their approach of teaching, although not every authoritative teacher uses them. adumbrate teachers are characterized by high response and low demand, i. e. high involvement in students lives but occasionally poor establishment of a control in the classroom. When making decisions, the students feelings might be taken into consideration and nothing else. Intimate teachers often ignore disrespectful behaviour anddiscipline will not be present in such a classroom. This atmosphere is more like to be friendly but chaotic and may result in a classroom which is entirely out of control. Being kind is good, still universe too kind and ignoring the discipline will be a dead end. This kind of teacher will probably be liked by most of the students but the teaching can be poor and it may result in poor academic skills. Indifferent teachers are characterized by low response, low demand, and little or no control over the class. They are one of the flog types of teachers.The image that students get of them is that they seem to be bored with the class and are eager to finish with it as soon as possible. The involvement of the students is at a very low rate. Some of these teachers do not prepare for class and usually are sitting in front of the class, sighing and citing word by word the lesson from the book. Others will tell the students to read silently as they are gazing somewhere or contemplating matters not even close to the lesson material. An indifferent teacher lacks motivation and is not at all hardworking.This teacher appears generally uninterested and might not even bother to provide different materials during the course, so students are able to get the exams from the previous years. That will certainly have negative feedback and students will have low motivation and poor or no knowledge at all. classroom discipline is a concept unknown for these teachers. They lack the skill and motivation to establish a discipline in the class needed to provide an orderly atmosph ere class. The reason for the indifference may be due to the lack of motivation for teaching.As mentioned in the abstract, some of these teachers may be those who become teachers unintentionally, because there was nothing else to do. Students will respond negatively of the atmosphere. If one asks a student to describe an indifferent teacher, he/she will probably sigh and say something like learning is up to the students as far as that teacher is concerned. Students who have this type of teacher do not have the opportunity to exercise speaking skills at all. According to Rowe, K. (2003), the type of the approach of the teacher i. e.the established relationships result in creating certain characteristic behaviours. The statistics show that the authoritative type produce students who are responsible, socially competent, well prepared and knowledgeable, the intimate teachers produce irresponsible students with poor leadership skills and indifferent teachers produces students with poor v erbal skills and poor or no knowledge at all. Teachers are the ones that teach the lessons of humanity and should take more responsibility in creating their approaches towards students.Regarding these classifications the closest to an ideal teacher is the authoritative one. In addition, according to Baumrind (1971), the authoritative approach is the best approach because it correlates with appropriate student behaviors. It is true that to be an authoritative teacher is much easier to imagine than to accomplish. Since, the students are to be the next academic citizens who deal with various positions and for that purpose teachers should think twice before stepping into a classroom unprepared.However, even the least motivated teachers should simply consider if the teachers they are being at the moment are the ones they would prefer their children to have. References Baumrind, D. (1971). Cornell University College of Human Ecology. Parenting styles and adolescents. Retrieved from http// www. human. cornell. edu/pam/outreach/parenting/research/upload/Parenting-20Styles-20and-20Adolescents. pdf Hughes, Jan N. (2002) Authoritative Teaching Tipping the balance in favor of school versus peer effects. diary of School Psychology 40(6), 485-492 Retrieved from http//www. centerforcsri. org/research/improvement. cgi? st=ssr=SR005149 Jupp, B. (2012, January 18). Join ED and teachers forteach talk discussion on twitter Retrieved from http//www. ed. gov/blog/2012/01/join-ed-and-teachers-for-a-teachtalk-discussion-on-twitter/ Rowe, K. (2003) The Importance of Teacher Quality as a Key Determinant of Students Experiences and Outcomes of Schooling Retrieved from http//research. acer. edu. au/research_conference_2003/3.

Edible Cutlery Essay Example for Free

Edible Cutlery EssayIn the eco-friendly conception, it depart no longstanding be enough to eat your meal before getting dessert you will have to eat your home before you get dessert. In fact, your plate may even be dessert. In a brilliant moment of inspiration, Universite de Montreal industrial design professor Diane Bisson saw a vision of a world in which food product waste was drastically reduced and even recycling, as we know it, would carry a lesser burden. Edible plates and containers. The perfect and primitive recycling method. Ms. Bisson stewed her ideas for 10 years until she finally applied and won a research grant allowing her to work with dieticians and chefs to create recipes for plates made without without preservatives, artificial work or sugar. Their creations are beautiful, spanning all the colours of the spectrum with carved designs of varying thicknesses. Recipes are primarily vegetable-based, so the plates and containers are nutritious. Two hundred of her 400 edible prototypes were fain for Ms.Bissons new book launch at commissaries design gallery in Montreal. They were very tasty, according to gallery owner Pierre Laramee. The book, Edible The Food as Material will be available in late January. Ill let you know in the comment section below where its being sold. It will have many recipes for edible containers that you can prepare at home. Many of the edible plates made for the book launch were made to blend with the foods they hold, both visually and taste-wise, like a carob plate made to serve sweets.Others included beets or poppy seeds as a base. Her ambition is really to try out as many shapes and as many gastronomic food combinations as possible so that we can get into many different markets. She could see a circle of different venues. Just a few of those venues would be shopping mall food stands, hospitals, and catered food services. Next project for Ms. Bisson is to work with a caterer to come up with a five course meal with ac come withing edible plates and cutlery.Also, she will have to figure out how to preserve her edible plates without common preservatives, as her circulating(prenominal) container prototypes are drying up after awhile. Edible plates, containers, cutlery. Think of how they could tastefully change our world. However, the problem with edible plates, and indeed any edible containers, is that in order to be hygienic, they need to be protected by some other packaging that is NOT meant to be eated. Hence, what we need is re-usable packaging. A sealed container protecting the sterile limit inside, from the contaminating world outside, which can be reused many times.An Indian entrepreneur manufactures delicious edible cutlery forks, knives and spoons that can all be eaten up post-meal redden as global warming turns up the heat on the world stage, entrepreneur Narayana Peesapaty, 44, may have found the perfect answer to the mountains of disposable ductile cutlery choking the world he ma kes them edible. In other words, after people have eaten their curry and rice, they can now chew and swallow the spoon.The Hyderabad-based entrepreneurs company B. K.Environmental Innovations Private Limited manufactures eco-friendly forks, knives, spoons and chopsticks in delicious flavours of vanilla, strawberry and pineapple. And all can be gobbled up after the meal. The outfit is part of the New Ventures world-wide initiative to encourage environment-friendly business ideas in developing countries. Peesapaty, a former scientist at the Institute for International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), is already supplying his product to a raft of hotels, sweet shops and organised retailers in the city. Samples have also been sent to corporate caterers, schools and housewives.It took the scientist another two years to afford commercial shape to his idea. I began by checking out the suitability of various cereal flours wheat, rice and sorghum (jowar) as base for edible cutlery, he says. Finally, he zeroed in on sorghum. Jowar has traditionally been an important source of nutrients such as folic acid and fiber, yet the domestic consumption of this crop has recently decreased and been replaced by starch-laden rice. B. K. Innovations is thus helping to revitalize the popularity of jowar with consumers, especially since those with diabetes have shown an interest in consuming edible cutlery as a nutritious snack.Vegetable glop spinach, beetroot and carrot were used to add colour and nutritive value to the cutlery. Spinach gave it a green shade, beetroot red and carrots brought out a yellow(a) hue. In 2006, the entrepreneur applied for a process patent for producing edible cutlery. The entrepreneurs entire production line comprising blenders, slicers, dyes and an oven had to be designed and calibrated to ensure that the spoons retained their hardness while not losing out on their taste and nutritive value. BK offers spoons in ternary flavours and has also expanded its production to edible devise wrappers and edible chopsticks.Large-scale domestic buyers have already shown initial interest, and BK Environmental Innovations hopes to eventually enter the international market. Requests from international sellers have come from various countries including Singapore, New Zealand, and Canada. With Japan and Chinas growing demand for chopsticks and the decreasing availability of resources, an environmental movement has grown to search for better options. Narayana expects edible chopstick to be a popular alternative to disposable chopsticks. Peesapaty feels theres a great future ahead for his edible chopsticks which will give stiff competition to the disposable ones.In fact, he aims to corner a portion of the global disposable chopsticks market, which sees sales of around 24 billion units per annum in Japan and 35 billion units in China. However, the innovators path has not been without challenges. When he wasnt getti ng investors for his dream project, Peesapaty says he had to sell his flat for Rs 35 lakh (about US$ 100,000) three years ago. He then moved to a rented house with his wife and young daughter. In other words, of the Rs 50 lakh Peesapaty has invested in the venture so far, 70% of the funds have come from his own pocket.

How Muslim Extremists Justify Interpretation Of Quran Religion Essay

How Islamic Extremists Justify Interpretation Of ledger Religion Essay in that respect is often a lack of understanding as to what religion is. How do we define the formulate religion? Is religion a belief or more any over a way of life? Genuine religion is fundamentally a search for meaning beyond materialism. A military personnel ghostly tradition is a set of symbols and rituals, myths and stories, innovations and truth-claims, which a historical community believes gives ultimate meaning to life, via its connection to a transcendent beyond the natural inn (Cited in Cline 2009 Introduction). As Cline has tell here, religion is a set of historical traditions which people adhere by and believe in. The Islamic corporate trust for Muslims is not simply a religion exclusively also a way of life for them and they are strongly attached to their own religion and culture. Some choose for their religion to be a personal issue, whilst other prefers it to be the basis of all the ir social interactions. Muslims consider Islam to be a structure that takes in all aspects of life, both personal and social and it is a social, as well as legal system which governs matters such(prenominal) as family life, law and swan, ethics, dress and cleanliness, as well as religious practice and ceremonial occasion (Hussain, El-Alami. eds., 20051). Muslims follow their traditional system however, the 9/11 and 7/7 terrorist attacks have had a large impact on how society see and embrace Muslims and the Islamic faith, when in fact these extremists committing these offences are a minority group hiding behind certain banners under the veil of Islam.It has become apparent over the past decade that Islam seems to be a more militant faith than most others. Some people have been lead to believe that this is due to the blessed Scripture which holds all the laws of the Islamic religion, known as the Quran. However, the Islam faith is very di rime and varied and although many things in the Quran apply to mostly all Muslims, there are many other things which only apply to a minority group of Muslims, those who take their faith and inaccurate interpretations of the Quran to the thoroughgoing. In order to establish why these Muslims take their faith to the extreme, it is essential that the various verses from The Quran and the diverse justification of Jihad are firstly discussed.Jihad is a bring up problem in Islam as the meaning has many different interpretations. Jihad can be interpreted by some Muslims as the spiritual grapple against his or her own natural nature in order to lead a holy life (Bonney 2004 xi), scarce for other Muslims like Osma Bin Laden, it whitethorn be interpreted as violent and extended to mean a commitment to Allah by all Muslims, to constantly deform to convert, defeat or conquer all non Muslims. Those who believe and follow the latter interpretation of Jihad, believe it is their duty to persist with the preachings of Islam throug h holy war, in an unjust way until the whole terra firma accepts Islam or concedes to the Islamic faith. Bonney (2004 x) specifically states that those terrorists like Osma Bin Laden use an ancient, unfounded and misconstrued view of the Islamic perception of just war (Jihad) to exonerate their actions. The word Islam actually implies the meaning of ease and tolerance, but this reputation of Islam is being dented due to this wrongful interpretation of Jihad.Islam is a faith which believes that religion is to be freely accepted and by no means should be forced upon anyone and this is evident through many verses through break The Quran. The Quran (26 4) states that God wants people to choose their cut themselves and does not at any point instruct any Muslim to raise a sword over a non Muslim in order to convert or subjugate them. In another verse from The Quran, it explicitly defines Invite people of the path of your Rabba with what? With forces of the sword? No. With beautiful ad monitions and advice (Quran 16 125). From this verse it is clear that many Muslim leaders, who have viewed Jihad as violent and as an obligation on individual believers with intent to destroy religious calmness and pluralism in the name of Allah, are incorrect. There are many more verses at heart The Quran which specify that Islams idea of Jihad is not the idea of a holy war which these terrorist leaders have claimed it to be. With The Quran containing many verses stating the importance Islam gives to peace, (Quran 4 128) it signifies that the soul of Islam is in fact peace again not war.Researchers such as Cook (2000) and Waines (2003)(cited Bonney 200447) as well as many others, both come to the same conclusion, that Jihads fundamental nature is that of defence, not war. Al-Qaeda claims to preach peace yet it also praises violence. The violent actions which are carried out from Al- Qaeda have resulted in innocent people being murdered and it has claimed to have been acting out i n self defence against the imperialist intrusions of the West, but yet it approves suicide bombing. Suicide bombing is actually disobedience against established Muslim teachings.According to The Quran, the world is divided into two categories believers and non-believers and it repeatedly states that the believers together form one people and the non-believers together structure another, (Bonney 2000 8) as in the believers are brethren of one another and those who disbelieve are friends of one another (Quran 8 72). This verse again is promoting peace and differences in belief are seen as Gods plan, it does not indicate that any Muslim should linger everlastingly at war with any nonbelievers but, for the world to be aware of Muhammad and his teachings, preaching is to be done. It is may be this verse in The Quran that Jihad in the name of Allah may merely mean a peaceful struggle through preachings.These rigorous and strict actions of Muslims who take their religion to the extreme hav e drawn attention to certain divisions within Islam known as Wahhabism and Salafiyya. Saudi Arabia is the birth place of Wahhabism and it is puritanical form of Sunni Islam. Saudi Arabia has always relied on a mixture of religion and political power. Its origins date back to the eighteenth century when an Islamic fundamentalist and extremist, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab introduced a religious, political movement in agreeance with the local anaesthetic tribe chief, this was known as Wahhabism. The essential aim of Wahhabs reform movement was that every idea after the third century of the Muslim period should be abolished as it was false. For a Muslim to then be considered true to their faith, they must commit themselves exclusively and exactingly to the innovative beliefs set into the world by Muhammad. Ultimately, he boost a reinforcement of the original, pure and orthodox customs of the fundamentals of Islam, as characterised in the Quran and in the life of the Prophet Muhammad. T oday the term Wahhabism refers to a Sunni Islamic movement that pursues to cleanse Islam of any modifications or practices that diverge from the original teachings of Muhammad and his cohorts.The surfacing of Wahhabisms stern beliefs has resulted in conflict between other Muslim groups. As Wahhabism rejects Islams most prominent religious traditions, Wahhabis have found themselves in disagreements with non-Wahhabi Sunni Muslims, Shiite Muslims and non-Muslims in surrounding areas resulting in war.Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, the media have been inclined to centre their attentions on movements within the Muslim world that support and carry out acts of violence against other human beings and populations. The media refer to these terrorists by their religious group, but in fact these terrorist are hiding behind their religion, using the excuse that Allah or God tells them to act in this way. This is not necessarily true, as mentioned before the Quran promotes to live to a p eaceful and coexistent life and it also has commandments and beliefs which are similar to the Christian community and The Bible.Those Muslims within the Islamic world who are dynamically working for peace, interreligious dialogue, minority rights and much more are overlooked. Organisations which are set up in order to reject violence are also disregarded yet such organisations and movements are the key to motivation and loyalty which inspires many Muslims throughout the world. These Muslims are moulding the foundations of the outlook and apparition of Muslims, and points in the correct direction that the majority of the Islamic community should be heading for. Those Muslims who participate in acts of violence and terrorism are isolated minorities within the Islamic faith, but this still tends to reflect of Islam and Muslims as a whole, with non-violent Muslims being judged unfairly and negatively by society.Since the 9/11 attack, many Muslims have received increased discrimination a nd racism by the take a breath of civilization. What people fail to understand is that these terrorist attacks were in fact carried out by a minority group of individuals who hide behind Islam as a faith to justify their violence by using a misinterpretation of the Quran. High levels of discrimination and racism are evident in schools were many Muslim boys are being stereotyped and associated with global terrorism, fundamentalism and urban rioting, resulting in them being identified as under-achieving and problematic pupils and they are becoming hot topics of social and educational make out (Archer2003 2). Muslims are in fact against terrorism, yet the acts of the terrorists cause the rest of society to naturally tarnish the rest of the Muslims wrongfully, with the same brush because the media and politicians refer to the terrorists by religious standing. It could be argued that these terrorists are extremists who are passionately seeking political power and wealth and it has been noted here that Muslims face complications not just within education, but also everyday life. Muslims are afraid to have their own say in politics as they feel discriminated against as a community as a whole (Banchoff 20085).In conclusion, it is evident that jihad is a complicated occurrence in both theory and practice. Throughout the history of Islam, there has been no single concept applied to the meaning and there have been different definitions resulting in how jihad is practiced. It is also evident that Islam places a huge importance on peace and how one strives to lead the correct way by the will of God, and if need be, defend oneself. The minority group within Islam have taken this concept of defence to aid their own national interest and used it as to justify their violent actions, at the cost of the rest of the Islamic population. Islam has a veridical image of advocating peace and tolerance as well as the free will to choose your own faith, but they do believe in seek t o preach in the name of Allah whether it is by pen, mouth media yet again the extremists mentioned here use armies and violence to force their religion upon anyone. It does not mean to strive for individual, political or national power.Word count 2132

The Threat Of Nuclear Weapons Politics Essay

The Threat Of thermo atomic Weapons Politics EssayNuclear weapons atomic number 18 weapons of mass desolation which are capable of wiping out an unimaginably large number of people. Today, five member nations, the United States of America, Russia, United Kingdom, France and the Peoples Republic of chinaware are outside(a)ly recognize as thermo atomic weapons nations by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and are thus permitted to possess atomic weapons. Two non-signatory members, India and Pakistan withal possess these weapons and adopt conducted atomic weapon shows. In addition to these seven members, Israel is strongly suspected of possessing thermonuclear weapons although it has neither confirmed it nor denied it. There is also speculation the Iran might be run a covert nuclear weapons chopine. Fin ally, northwards Korea has publicly stated itself to be in possession of nuclear weapons only if this fact has never been confirmed as it has non conducted som e(prenominal) substantial nuclear examens. There is an urgent need to make the proliferation of nuclear weapons across the realism as they pose a look atable threat to international security and their usage could lead to catastrophe. Today, this issue is especially relevant to northwesterly Korea and the mall East where the lack of agreements and the prevalence of ambiguities regarding nuclear political programs is enough an issue of global concern.Countries associated with nuclear weapons3Definition of Key TermsNuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT)The NPT is a treaty that came into force in 1970, in order to limit nuclear proliferation. It prohibits non nuclear weapon states from growing, possessing or acquiring nuclear weapons or explosives. The three pillars of the treaty are non proliferation, disarmament and the peaceful use of nuclear technology. Currently, it has non been sign by India, Pakistan and Israel.Nuclear weaponsNuclear weapons are extremely destructive and explosive weapons that derives its force through either fission reactions or both fission and fusion.Nuclear ProliferationNuclear proliferation is a term now used to describe the spread of nuclear weapons, fissile material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information, to nations which are not recognise as Nuclear Weapon States by the NPT. 1Nuclear weapons allay zoneA Nuclear weapons free zone is a geographical electron orbit recognized by the United Nations that has banned the use and development of nuclear weapon technology and has put measures into place to check its implementation.Nuclear DisarmamentNuclear disarmament is a proposal to dismantle nuclear weapons in order to sign on the possibility of the occurrence of a nuclear war.Background InformationThe prime(prenominal) nuclear weapon was invented by ground forces, Britain and Canada during the Second World War. USA remains the only country to have ever used it. Soon after, during the Cold War, the i nstauration saw the beginning of the nuclear arms race. Following the Second World War, Korea was divided into two geographical regions the northern controlled by the Soviets and the southern controlled by USA. Also, Israel is believed to have begun investigating the nuclear field soon after it was founded in 1948. In the 1950s the nuclear program in Iran was established for peaceful purposes under the management of the United States.The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) was signed in 1963 which banned the test of nuclear weapons underwater, in the atmosphere or in out space. This treaty was not signed by China and France who are both nuclear weapons states today.The conflict between the communist join Korea and the capitalist southwesterly Korea has been way out on since 1950 and in that location have been repeated failures to consolidate the two as one unified nation. Even today, the two countries have not officially do peace. Hence, ever since the 1970s, northeasterly Korea began its pursuit of acquiring nuclear weapons.In 1967, a CIA report claimed that Israel had the materials required to construct a bomb. In 1979, a US artificial satellite reported a flash in the Indian Ocean that was similar to a nuclear denotation and could have possibly been a nuclear test conducted by Israel. It is speculated to be one of the apparently few joint nuclear tests conducted by South Africa and Israel.Minimal progress was made in nuclear disarmament until 1991 and the Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (CTBT) was adopted in 1996 which banned all nuclear explosions in all environment for military or civilian testing. It was signed by 182 countries and ratified by 153 and was aimed at stopping the nuclear arms race.Iran ratified the NPT in 1970s which subjected it to IAEA inspections. Today, the main reason for distrust of Irans nuclear program is its failure to declare sensitive enrichment and reprocessing activities to the IAEA.In 1992, newton Korea entered a safe guards agreement under Article 3 of the NPT which allowed IAEA inspectors to inspect North Koreas nuclear materials. In 1993, North Korea threatened to withdraw from the NPT which it had acceded to earlier. However, this did not ultimately happen as USA and North Korea came to an agreement by which North Korea would freeze out all nuclear reactors in exchange for in exchange for alternative energy resources. North Korea withdrew from the IAEA in 1994 and launched a missile over the Sea of lacquer in 1998 which caused USA to review its policies towards the country.Relations between the two countries remained turbulent. In 2002, the North Korean Deputy Secretary apparently discernd the hold outence of a covert nuclear-weapons development program. North Korea withdrew from the NPT in 2003 and in response the US launched half a dozen way talks about the issue with North Korea, South Korea, China, lacquer and Russia. North Korea, once again, agreed to abandon all nuclear wea pon activities. However, like previous agreements, North Korea did not commit to it. It declared that it had nuclear weapons and withdrew from the hexad farewelly talks in 2005. In October, 2006 North Korea announced plans for its first nuclear test. North Korea did conduct an explosive underground test but there are doubts as to whether it really was a nuclear test since the magnitude of the blast was less than expected.As far as Iran is concerned, in March 2010, Iran declared itself as a nuclear state and president Ahmadinejad announced I want to announce with a loud voice here that the first burden of 20 percent enriched uranium was produced and was put at the disposal of the scientists. However, Iran reiterated that it will use this only for peaceful purposes. We have the capability to enrich uranium much than 20 percent or 80 percent but we dont enrich (to this level) because we dont need it.Evidently, there has been a great turn of events regarding the development and legi timacy of nuclear weapons in North Korea, Iran and Israel. A clear agreement in the case of all three countries has yet to be formed.General OverviewNuclear DeterrenceThe telephone line of those who possess nuclear weapons is that it enables them to ward off or deter nuclear or conventional attack through threat of disastrous retaliation. This could be bonus to possess nuclear weapons. DPRK has been accused of using nuclear weapons as a political tool to normalize relations with USA, Japan, and South Korea and to end the embargo against North Korea. North Korea will thus be unwilled to give up nuclear weapons without substantial concessions from USA and South Korea, among others. On the other hand, Iran has entirely denied seeking nuclear weapons for retaliation or nuclear deterrence.TransferOne of the superlative concerns with nuclear weapons is that it could end up in the wrong hands. Not only could countries possessing them take them to others, thus encouraging nuclear prolif eration, but nuclear weapons could also be sold to or stolen by non-state actors. If such a situation were to arise, it would have difficult implications on the national security of several countries.For instance, DPRK has refrained from selling its nuclear weapons and materials. However, in the case of harsh sanctions being enforce on the country, it could retaliate and sell its nuclear weapons. Out of this fear, China has prevented the Security Council from authorizing the use of force or imposing truly harsh sanctions on the country.Similarly, in 1975, there were rumors that Israel offered to sell its nuclear weapons to South Africa. Israel has vehemently denied the claim.Israel-Iran RelationsThe turbulent relationship between Israel and Iran dates back to the Islamic Revolution in the 1970s. Both countries are suspected of having a nuclear weapons program and blame each other for threatening the security of the Middle East by doing so.Irans extreme hostility towards USA and Isr ael is probably the reason that has caused m some(prenominal) to consider Iran to be the greatest threat in the Middle East. Iran itself is not a democracy and does not recognize the right to freedom of speech and expression. In addition, it refuses to acknowledge Israel as a country and refers to Israel as an occupied territory.However, many are angered at the fact that although there is no proof that Iran plans on developing nuclear weapons it is being faced with threats of dire consequences by the USA and Europe where as there is comparatively less pressure on Israel which is practicing opacity as far as its nuclear plan is concerned.On the other hand, seeing as Israel is a democracy, people believe that it can be trusted with its power. Israel also has a reputation of being relatively more reliable and predictable. It is considered less likely to misuse its nuclear weapons through and arbitrary attack.However, Israels intentional ambiguity regarding nuclear development in the co untry could be considered as a catalyst for the prospect of a nuclear arms race in the region. There are rumours that Israel may have up to 400 nuclear warheads.Egypt and 17 other Middle Eastern countries want Israels nuclear capabilities to be discussed with the IAEA since they have all signed the NPT and believe that Israels accession to the NPT is essential to establish regional peace. Israels current status is considered by some to be a provocation of nuclear proliferation. Israel refuses to sign the NPT without a comprehensive regional peace agreement as until then it requires its ambiguity about its nuclear weapons capability as a deterrent.It is important to note that although the world is split regarding who is to be blamed, both Israel and Iran are in a situation that can possibly lead to a destabilizing arms race in the Middle East and are key players in the possibility of establishing a nuclear free zone in the Middle East. Thus any agreement that does not involve the two countries will result in stalemate.Major Countries and Organizations InvolvedIsraelIsrael is the only country in the Middle East that is not a part of the NPT and is suspected by the IAEA to have nuclear weapons. Israel refuses to admit or deny possessing nuclear arsenal, or developing nuclear weapons and is using this ambiguity about its nuclear weapons capability as a deterrent. It is a good ally of USA and a hostile enemy of Iran.IranIran is a part of the NPT and strongly asserts that its nuclear technology, including enrichment is entirely for civilian purposes but the IAEA has been unable to verify it. It is strongly suspected that the program is concealing the development of nuclear weapons. Iran claims that Israel is the only obstacle to establishing a nuclear weapons free zone and has stated its intentions to wipe Israel of the map. Iran has been subjected to four rounds of sanctions by the Security Council of the United Nation in order to urge it to halt its nuclear progr am.USAUSA, today, has the largest measuring stick of nuclear weapons in the world but is trying to gradually cut them down under the Obama administration. It strongly condemns both North Korea and Iran for their nuclear program and is unwilling to accept either of the two as nuclear powers.ChinaChina has been reluctant to back the sanctions against Iran as it supports the Irans nuclear program for civilian use. It is believed to have helped Iran with its missile development programs. It is North Koreas most important ally, biggest trading partner and main source of food, arms and fuel. China has not expressed outright defiance against USA in order to protect its relations with the country and has supported some UN sanctions against Iran.RussiaRussia believes that every nation has the right to self falsifying and therefore sees Irans nuclear program as legitimate. It has strong ties with Iran and has opposed unilateral sanction imposed on it by USA. However, Russia has urged Iran t o change its stance. Russia has also been accused of assisting North Korea and Iran with their nuclear program.IAEAThe IAEA is an international musical arrangement that promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The IAEA believes that every nation has the right to an authorized and monitored nuclear program for peaceful purposes however, nations should not attempt to pursue nuclear weapons in any form.Timeline of EventsDateDescription of event1945USA conducts its first nuclear test1946Russia conducts its first nuclear test1952UK conducts its first nuclear test1964China conducts its first nuclear test1963Partial Test Ban Treaty1968NPT signed1974Indias first nuclear test1985North Korea accedes to the NPT1990Frances first nuclear testDecember 31, 1991North and South Korea sign the South-North Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.March 6, 1992US imposes sanctions upon North Korea for missile proliferation activitiesSeptember, 1992IAEA inspectors discover discrepancies in North Koreas initial report on its nuclear program and ask for clarification on several issues, including the amount of reprocessed plutonium in North Korea.February 9, 1993North Korea denies IAEA inspections of two sites believed to store nuclear waste.1993North Korea threatens to withdraw from the NPT1994 hold FrameworkJune 13, 1994North Korea withdraws from NPT1996Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (CTBT) adopted1998Pakistans first nuclear testFeb 15, 1994North Korea permits IAEA inspections in 7 of its sitesMay 24, 1996The United States imposes sanctions on North Korea and Iran for missile technology-related transfersApril 25, 1999The United States, South Korea, and Japan establish the Trilateral Coordination and forethought Group to institutionalize close consultation and policy coordination in dealing with North Korea 42002 chairman G W Bush names North Korea as a member of the Axis of EvilOctober 16, 2002US announces that North Korea has admitted to posse ssing nuclear weaponsJanuary 10, 2003North Korea withdraws from NPTOctober 9, 2006North Korea conducts an underground explosive test2009North Korea conducts another(prenominal) testPrevious Attempts to solve the IssueSanctions on IranThe Security Council has imposed four rounds of sanction upon Iran in its resolutions 1737, 1747, 1803 and 1929. The UN Security Council began imposing sanctions on Iran since 2006, when it failed to comply with IAEA requirements and move uranium enrichment activities. The sanctions have included bans on exports of nuclear, missile, and dual-use technologies limiting travel by dozens of Iranian officials and freezing the assets of forty individuals and entities, including Bank Sepah and various front companies.2In addition, USA and EU have individually imposed further sanctions on Iran which have targeted its trade, finances and energy sector.Russia has supported the weaker Security Council sanctions against Iran but opposed the stronger ones imposed i ndividually by the USA. It is against any unilateral sanctions and although a fourth round of sanctions was imposed, it faced resistance from Russia and China, both of which maintain strong economic ties with Iran. They opposed it due to their individual economic and political interests. According to critics, the lack of support from these two nations could have weakened the overall affect of the sanctions.The sanctions imposed are believed to have had nurse success as Iran still holds an aggressive stance as to continuing its nuclear program and asserts that is it permitted to do so for civilian use as per the NPT. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has said The Iranian nation will not succumb to bullying, invasion and the violation of its rights.5 dialog with DPRKSeveral attempts have been made to establish a nuclear free Korean-peninsula but all efforts until today have been unsuccessful and DPRK has withdrawn from all treaties it has acceded to. This is probably because DRPK has o nly been signing treaties out of international pressure, not voluntarily.Agreed FrameworkThe United States and North Korea signed the Agreed Framework on October 21, 1994 by which DPRK agreed to freeze operation and construction of nuclear reactors in exchange for two light water reactors and the relaxation of economic sanctions. The Agreed Framework resolved the ongoing 18 month crisis during which DRPK threatened to withdraw from the NPT. However, there were difficulties regarding the backing of reactors caused the plan to be behind schedule. Infuriated, DPRK violated the agreements which caused USA to persuade KEDO suspend shipments to the country. This marked the end of the agreement. In comparison to other attempts, this one probably had the greatest chance of success as it offered DPRK to end its nuclear program in exchange for realistic concessions made by other countries.Six Party TalksThe six party concerning DPRKs nuclear program involved United States, North Korea, China , Japan, Russia and, South Korea as was a result of North Korea withdrawing from the NPT in 2003. Until today, six rounds of the six party talks have been held. Due to the conflicting aims of the members involved, minimal progress was achieved. During the third phase of the fifth round, North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid the normalization of relations with Japan and USA.These talks eventually ended when North Korea launched a satellite despite international pressure not to do so. It was believed to be a test of its prototype Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). In February 2005, North Korea declared that it had nuclear weapons for self defense and pulled out of the six party talks. DPRK expelled all nuclear inspectors and resumed its nuclear weapons program.Possible SolutionsAs evident from the past, Iran has been adamant about its position and the authenticity of its nuclear program. For any further progress to be made Iran and th e West need to cooperate. Prior to creating any framework for agreements, Iran must be given recognition for its right to exist as an Islamic Republic, and its minimum security concerns must be acknowledged as legitimate. Thus, military strike either by USA or by Israel against Irans possible nuclear program would be disastrous as it would possibly cause Iran to retaliate which is a concern of global security and lead to regional catastrophe.The underlying problem in the Middle East crisis is the lack of trust and the increasing hostility between Iran and Israel. Solutions to resolve this issue should focus on reduce the fears of existential destruction that the two nations harbor towards each other. Iran must recognize the importance of moderating its bellicose stance whereas Israel checks its threats to attack Iran.In order to moderate any development of the negotiations between Israel and Iran, the Security Council should provide security guarantees to both countries and assess t heir concerns of security risks.Another way of addressing the issue would be to provide pecuniary incentives to Iran large enough to buy up the nuclear energy specialized for civilian use, if Iran completely halts its current nuclear program.One way of addressing the issue of North Korea would be to provide it with concessions such as providing it with substitute forms of energy for its civilian nuclear program and cutting back economic sanctions based on any agreement that has been reached upon. However, these are only possible if North Korea agrees to comply with any solutions reached upon.Although diplomacy is a great tool to resolve conflicts, many believe that as North Korea has repeatedly proved itself to be unreliable as far as agreements are concerned, a more aggressive option might be appropriate. However, it is important to note that any aggressive military action could possibly worsen matters. Constructive solutions would include measures to normalize relations between N orth Korea and all other states. As of today the most viable solution would be to establish a nuclear free zone in North Korea but it is difficult to implement. All problems that arise as a consequence of implementing such a solution must therefore also be addressed.

Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work Essay

Models Of Forensic Psychology Case Study Social Work EssayAndrew is fifteen. He has been accused of sexually assaulting his younger sister and whitethorn be shudderd with this in the near emerging. Some of his family waste a history of psychogenic put out and he has a history of learning and behavioural difficulties, as a result of which he has been attending a residential special school.He does non ac knowledge the accusations once morest him and is loath to discuss them.INFORMATION FROM INTERVIEW Andrew presents as a tall, slim-built y issueh who is restlessly anxious, looking a substance for nigh of the wonder, and repeatedly yawning in an exaggerated vogue to indicate how little he wants to be involved in the discussion. Despite this he is essentially polite in manner and consequences all questions, at to the lowest degree in some measure. His app atomic number 18nt level of intelligence puts him in the mild range of impairment, and he is besides very sensitive to a nything that he thinks puts him at a disadvant be on or makes him look thick. He has some social skills, although these ar not always used and sometimes he appears socially disinhibited.He has a reasonable vocabulary and powers of speech. in that respect are no behavioural stereotypies (repetitive apparently purposeless movements) and no perseverative behaviour (continuance of behaviours afterward their original purpose has been served). However, his powers of concentration are limited and he is easily distracted from discussion. His attention is focused on his perceived likelihood that he will automatically go to prison, regardless of whether he is charged or not. He hopes that a combination of his medical history and denial of the allegations will be enough to start him through any statutory processes.Andrew says he hasnt been charged with anything because I aint d one(a) nowt. Nevertheless he is able to say that sexual assault means trying to make somebody do something have sex, how to make babies and that penetration means putting a finger up someone up (the) clitoris of women.He has already been officially asked on one occasion a act for whats overtaking on now basically but can describe no details and says that he aint b othered because I havent done it.CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES Andrew has his own room at his special school and has made one or two friends. The activity that he enjoys most, and gets most from, is studying motor vehicles and he has developed an ambition to become a mechanic.He comes home for some weekends and for holiday periods.At present he feels he hasnt got a lifespan anymore. This is both because of the possible pending charges and because he feels people are dropping dead around me. A close friend (female) of his died recently, and his life has not felt the same since his father died unexpectedly the day before his birthday four ago, and his paternal grand stick died about a year afterwards.He would like to become a motor mecha nic, but thinks this will not be possible, unless he can get training in prison, because of his possible judicatory case.PERSONAL AND FAMILY chronicle He is the youngest component of his family, although his own list of his siblings and half-siblings is slightly unalike to that provided by his family.His father died from a heart attack and his mother has a lot of problems with her health.He was excluded from his premier school for throwing a brick at a teacher or something like that they were doing my head in all the time.MEDICAL HISTORY He has been diagnosed as having ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity distract), and says that this is why he is at boarding school. He says that he used to get all mad and scorn people and take it out on them but that this has improved more recently.Two years ago he seek to hang himself with two belts because he just felt like it I couldnt be bothered living anymore I did it for fun I thought it was funny. He also tried to cut his wri st, and excuse has a faint scar from this. He continues to have periodic thoughts about a quick premature death as a way of not having to put up with living anymore. Although these thoughts reflect a depressed view of life there is no indication that he pithyly has a depressive illness.He has previously taken the antihyperactivity drug Ritalin, but has now discontinued this and describes it as doing my head in.SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT HISTORY He first became sexually aware at a very young mount, as a result of organism given information either by one of his sisters or a friend. His father told him not to have sex until he was older so as to avoid having children.His strongest sexual experience so outlying(prenominal) has been with a girlfriend who he described as the nicest person you could meet even though my sister called her a smackhead.He denies the allegations about his sister and describes them as all lies.Questions What identifiable risks, giving your reasons, does Andrew pres ent a) in the short term and b) in the longer term? Rank them once in their order of certainty, and again in their order of importance.Construct an interview strategy to help investigating police officers advance question Andrew about the allegations regarding his sister, explaining your rationale.Case Study 2Mr D Case StudyRead the side by side(p) case study carefully. Using your knowledge of risk assessment, psychogenic disorders and offending behaviour and interview and treatment strategies answer the following questionsDescribe the type(s) of mental disorder Mr D may be suffering fromConsider whether those disorders are likely to contribute to the risk he poses of future military forceIdentify those risks that Mr D poses to himself and othersConsider whether you would discharge Mr D from hospital at this time and give your reasons why(Point 5 is optional) Highlight what challenges Mr D may pose in treatment and how you might overcome them.BackgroundEarly ChildhoodMr D was b orn to a 16 year old mother and conceived following a one night stand. Mr D sequestrateed an unsettled childhood cod to his mother handing over his care to her parents. Mr D described how he desire living with his grandparents, however he also described how his grandfather frequently used alcohol and his grandmother was strict and did not allow him to socialise with other children. Behavioural problems were noted from the age of 4.Throughout this time period Mr D began having severe tantrums which involved hitting and kicking and Mr D was referred to the Childrens Hospital at the age of 8. This followed a severe attack levied against his grandfather involving a knife. Throughout the interview process Mr D remained closed about his relationship with his grandfather. Later reports indicate he was sexually abused by his grandfather but Mr D refuses to discuss this subject.Mr D was taken into care at the age of 8, where again he report an unsettled period of time characterised by iso lation and bullying. Mr D was able to live with a foster family whom he described as gageive for the succeeding(a) two years and it is of note that there were no behavioural difficulties noted for Mr D within this time period. Mr D appeared to settled with this family and their two sons, which allowed him to form bulletproof attachments with this family. Unfortunately the family needed to emigrate to South Africa, and although he was asked to go with them, Mr D chose to remain close to his grandparents.Mr D spent the next five years in Childrens homes, interspersed by foster placements which broke down. Mr D returned to live with his grandparents following this period. Previous reports indicate conflicting points of view about this time period, some indicating that Mr D had more positive relationships with his grandparents and mother at this time, but with others highlighting that his grandparents did not really speak to him.Education and employmentMr D attended approximately fiv e different schools as he was moved payable to his living situation changing. Mr D recalled an unsettled period of time at school as he was bullied. He also described himself as hyper, I would scream and shout a lot and recalled finding lessons boring. Records indicate that Mr D began refusing school at the age of 4 and has a significant history of truancy end-to-end his education. Mr D odd school with no qualifications but school reports describe him as exceptionally bright.Mr D has never been in formal employment. After leaving school he was unemployed for 2 years as he reported he could not find a job that interested him and he was having difficulties with his mental health. Following this, Mr D has been detained due to the conviction for his index offense.Substance and alcohol misuseMr D reports a substantial history of cannabis use and a history of binge drinking.Psychiatric HistoryMr D first came into border with mental health go at the age of 8 when he was admitted to th e Childrens Hospital for 6 weeks following a violent attack on his grandfather. An ECG and neurological inquiry at the time were found to be normal, however Mr Ds mother recalled a black patch being found. Following this Mr D was referred to an Adolescent building block at the age of 14 due to behaviour problems much(prenominal) as refusing to attend school and standing naked in the window. Later that year, Mr D was admitted to the hospital and was described by the posit as an isolated and withdrawn individual, having no self confidence who responded with aggressive outbursts when frustrated. Mr D self-harmed by cutting his arms with a piece of glass.After being convicted of two incidents of indecent exposure at the age of 17, Mr D received out diligent treatment initially, but following another charge for indecent exposure Mr D was admitted as an in patient. At this point he was talking about injuring people before they had the chance to injure him.On the 9th April 1987 Mr D wa s again charged with indecent exposure and was remanded under section 35 of the Mental Health Act (1983). During his assessment there, it was noted that he was hearing voices notification him to commit acts of violence. No specific diagnosis was made at this time, although a condition of residence and psychiatric treatment was made. Following his 18th birthday he was moved to Arnold Lodge Hospital. Whilst there it is reported that Mr Ds mental health appeared to deteriorate and violence towards others increased. At the age of 20 Mr D was transferred to a society in Liverpool as it was thought that he would benefit from integration with other people, however three months after this he was discharged after assaulting another resident.Mr D managed to live in the community on his own for approximately two and a half years before he committed his index offence. At this point he was remanded to HMP Hull for approximately 2 months. Mr D attempted to hang himself during his first night in custody. He was then transferred to Wathwood hospital due to him exhibiting paranoid ideation and experiencing auditory hallucinations commanding him to harm a female prison officer.Whilst at Wathwood Hospital, initially Mr Ds presentation seemed to improve to the point that he was allow conditional discharge by a Mental Health Review Tribunal, however at this point Mr Ds fixation with a female member of staff began to cause mention. Mr D began exposing himself to female members of staff and his mental health deteriorated. Mr Ds presentation continued to decline over the next two years in impairment of incidents of violence, aggression and sexually inappropriate. His mental health also fluctuated with episodes of paranoid ideation, delusions, thoughts of harming himself and incidents of aggression.Forensic HistoryMr D has three previous convictions for offences of indecent exposure. There are seven previous convictions for driving offences (e.g. driving whilst under the influenc e, reckless driving, driving without a license, insurance and MOT) and 4 convictions of acquisitive offending (2 offences of shoplifting and2 burglary offences). Mr D has no other convictions for violent offences apart from the index offence, however there has been other violence evident in Mr Drivers past when he has been a patient in hospital.Index OffenceMr D was convicted of the murder of his neighbour. The offence occurred in the context of ongoing difficulties Mr D was experiencing with his neighbours in terms of loud music they were playing in the early hours of the morning. Mr D had raised this problem with his neighbours and it is reported that they responded to this in a less than positive way. Mr D then tried to involve the council to exempt the problem, however this appeared to have had no effect. On the day of the index offence, the victim was taking his rubbish out and Mr D approached him from behind and struck him once in the back with a 5 inch bladed knife. Mr D im mediately ran away from the scene and made his way to the Family and Community Services Department with whom he was in regular contact and the police were contacted and Mr D was subsequently arrested. The victim had removed the weapon himself and in the meantime had made his way to nearby exposit to seek assistance. He later died of his injuries in hospital.Mr Ds account of the offence is that he had been living next to neighbours who were noisy. He said he had lived next to them for about six months and I kept knocking, asking them to turn it down, they just said it was their house. When asked how many times this had occurred Mr D said, probably approached them about 5 or 6 times. Mr D stated that he didnt phone the police at all, but that he did phone the housing association. He said that nothing happened as a result of this and the music continued.On the last occasion that Mr D asked for the music to be turned down before he committed the index offence Mr Driver stated he starte d threatening me and said Im not turning the music down and was arguing. I cant remember what was being said, but I just kept asking him to turn it down. He was shouting and I think I hit him first, we had a scuffle and the police were called. The Police told me to get in touch with the housing association. Following this incident Mr D said that a few weeks passed and the music continued. Mr D stated that he had been going out shopping he had been carrying the same knife that he eventually stabbed the victim with.On the day of the index offence, Mr D reported being woken at 9am by music being played. He stated, I felt really stressed and angry. I got up, got dressed, I was standing in my kitchen and could hear it (the music) and I saw him going to the bin. Id come to the end of how I was feeling and looking for a way out. Mr D stated, I got a knife and stabbed him in the lower back. When asked what might have happened to resolve the situation had the index offence not occurred Mr D said, If I hadnt seen him, I probably would have gone on carrying the knife and gone round to his house. In terms of why Mr D felt he committed the offence, he stated, I couldnt stand them playing loud music. Mr D went onto say Yes I regret it, its led to me being kept in hospital. There is nothing else I could have done. He deserved it because he wouldnt turn down his music.AssessmentsWechsler bounteous cognition Scale -3rd edition (WAIS III)This assessment examines general cognitive abilities, specifically sentiment and reasoning skills. It explores non-verbal reasoning skills, spatial processing skills, visual-motor integration, attention to detail and acquired knowledge such as verbal reasoning and comprehension. Mr D presented with a full scale IQ of 130.International Personality Disorder ExaminationMr D was assessed for spirit disorder using the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE Loranger 1999). The IPDE is a semi-structured clinical interview developed t o assess personality disorders defined by the diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10 World Health Organisation, 1992). Mr Ds legitimate presentation indicates that definite diagnoses of Antisocial and Narcissistic personality disorders are warranted. The Antisocial features most relevant in Mr D include a lack of concern for the feelings of others, reckless behaviour, consistent irresponsibility, non cognitive process for rules and punishment, low tolerance to frustration leading to acts of aggression and violence, and a proneness to rationalise and blame others for his own behaviour. The Narcissistic features which Mr D presents with include a grandiose sense of self-importance, a belief that he should be treated differently, an overinflated sense of self-entitlement, arrogance in his behaviour and attitudes, a forbidding pattern of taking advantage of others to achieve his own ends and an unwillingness to recognise or identify with the feelings of others.Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-RThe coney Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R, Hare 1991, 2003) is a rigorous psychological assessment, widely regarded as the standard measure of psychopathy in research, clinical and forensic settings. It measures different aspects of a persons emotional experience, the way they relate to others, how they go about getting what they want and their behaviour. High levels of psychopathic traits as measured by the PCL-R are associated with high rates of re-offending and future violence (however a low PCL-R score alone does not imply low risk) and can impact on responsivity to therapeutic intervention. Mr D presented with moderate levels of psychopathic traits which dangle just below the diagnostic cut off for psychopathic disorder. Items that he scored on include failure to accept responsibility for his actions, irresponsi bility, lack of remorse, callous disregard for others, grandiose sense of self worth, manipulation and early childhood problems.Presentation in interviewMr D presented as a difficult and challenging patient to interview. He was dismissive at times, questioning my experience, qualifications and competence. He stated that psychology was not a proper science and would prefer to talk to the proper doctor i.e. the psychiatrist. Mr D appeared to have some knowledge of psychiatry and psychology and used technical terms throughout. He appeared to have little insight into his mental disorder stating that he does need to take medication and that everyone is like him. Mr D stated he does not under stand why anyone would think he poses a risk to people and that he should be discharged from hospital immediately.Case Study 3Ms W Case StudyRead the following case study carefully. Using your knowledge of risk assessment, mental disorders and offending behaviour and interview and treatment strategie s answer the following questionsDescribe the type(s) of mental disorder Ms W may be suffering fromConsider whether those disorders are likely to contribute to the risk she poses of future violenceConsider what techniques/strategies/considerations you would use when interviewing Ms WHighlight what push areas of work you may wish to undertake with Ms W (concentrating on what areas of her presentation you would like to explore/assess further and why)BackgroundEarly childhoodMs W was the eldest child of three, the other two children being boys. Ms W recalled an unhappy childhood due to the sexual abuse she experienced from her father (for which he received a conviction) and then the emotional detachment that was apparent between her mother and herself. Social services records support Ms Ws account of her early childhood. In addition to being sexually abused by her father, Ms W also reported being sexually abused by an uncle and a next door neighbour.Ms W also reported that the relation ship between her mother and father was a turbulent one and although she did not witness any physical violence, she did hear arguments which resulted in her repeatedly banging his head against the wall through the stress this caused. Ms Ws behaviour became uncontrollable both within school and the community, in terms of fighting at school and committing petty crime such as shoplifting.Whilst still living with her parents, at the age of 14, Ms W became involved in a relationship with a man who was much older than her, in his 60s. This further contributed to the deterioration between Ms W and her parents, and her parents subsequently placed her in care. Ms W remained in care until the age of 17, and upon leaving she was given support from social services and moved into in hooklike housing in which she was happy on her own.Education and employmentMs W reported that her school performance was average teachers would not have found her a management problem, but that she did get distracted easily. Whilst at school she was subject to bullying from peers and this resulted in her kind in fights outside of school. Ms W left school with no formal qualifications.Ms W obtained employment as soon as she left school and worked as a packer, a cleaner and in a pet shop. All of the employment she engaged in was in a short period after school, with her last job being held at the age of 20. Ms W reported that the last job she had needed to leave because her mental health was causing her difficulties and she needed to attend various appointments.Following this period of employment, Ms W was unemployed for the next 16 years due to mental health, drug and alcohol difficulties. Ms W claimed incapacity benefits and before coming into custody she reported having an income of approximately 800 per month.Substance and alcohol misuseMs W reported that she began drinking at the age of 14 or 15 as she would visit pubs with her partner at the time. She suggested that she became a heavy drinke r at age 20 and that she needed alcohol every day as otherwise she would suffer with withdrawal symptoms. Ms W would consume approximately 12 cans of Stella a day or 2 bottles of 2 litre Cider. Ms Ws drinking caused her health problems in the form of liver failure and pancreatitis. Ms W was under the influence of alcohol when committing the index offence and this followed a period where she had tried to go through a detoxification process without medical support. It is of note that Ms W reported hearing voices whilst she completed this home detoxification process.In terms of drug use, Ms W remembered beginning to use substances at around the age of 18. She reports using acid tabs, microdots, magic mushrooms, speed, heroin (smoking) and cannabis. She also reported that she would take prescription drug medication if the opportunity arose. Ms W recalls that she would use whenever she had the money to do so and that she would frequently take drugs and drink at the same time. She estimat ed that she would spend approximately 14 per day, but that this would depend on what funds she had available at the time. In the early 1990s Ms W was diagnosed with drug induced psychosis.Psychiatric historyMs W first recalled being in contact with psychiatric services in her 20s. She was first seen by a psychiatrist due to the hallucinations she was experiencing and she voluntarily stayed in hospital for a few months. Ms W had spent time in group mental health homes and has had support from psychiatrists, CPNs and social workers.Ms W had attempted to commit suicide on a number of occasions through taking overdoses. She was diagnosed with depression in her late 20s and has been on a number of anti depressant drugs which she combined with drink and non prescription drugs.Whilst in custody Ms W was taking antidepressants, anxiolytics and anti psychotics. The latter were prescribed due to Ms W experiencing hallucinations and also mood instability. Ms W had most recently been diagnosed with Generalised Anxiety Disorder with features of depersonalisation and derealisation.Forensic historyMs W had three previous convictions. Two were received in 1989 which were both fraud offences, and then the third in 1990 for burglary and theft of a non dwelling. Ms W cannot recall specific details regarding the situations. Ms W had no other convictions for violent offending, apart from the index offence, but there has been other violence present in Ms Ws past especially within social relationships.Index offenceThe offence occurred in the shared home of Ms W and her partner. Two weeks before the index offence occurred, police had been called to the home after Ms W had taken an overdose of her partners medication. When Ms Ws partner had attempted to summon help, Ms W threatened her with a knife to try and balk this. On the 10th June 2006 when the offence occurred, it was alleged that Ms W had been drinking cider from the early hours of the morning. Ms W insists that she was so d runk that she has no recall of the stabbing which then occurred and all that she remembered was seeing the blood on her partners stomach. After stabbing her partner in the stomach she then threatened to cut her pharynx with the knife. The stab wounds caused a near fatal injury. The victim was able to summons help by activating the emergency pull cord for the accommodations warden.AssessmentsWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -3rd edition (WAIS III)This assessment examines general cognitive abilities, specifically thinking and reasoning skills. It explores non-verbal reasoning skills, spatial processing skills, visual-motor integration, attention to detail and acquired knowledge such as verbal reasoning and comprehension. Ms W presented with a full scale IQ of 75. The assessment showed that Ms W processes information more effectively when presented visually rather than verbally and that she struggles to concentrate for long periods of time.International Personality Disorder Examinat ion Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ)This assessment is a screening questionnaire which indicates whether there are certain personality traits which need further investigation using the full International Personality Disorder Examination assessment. The IPDE-SQ indicated the possible presence of paranoid, schizotypal, emotionally unstable, avoidant and dependent personality disorders but this should not be considered as a formal diagnosis.Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III)This assessment is used to evaluate elements of personality and also pathological syndromes within psychiatric populations. On this occasion the MCMI- III was used to provide a more comprehensive picture of Ms Ws personality and presentation in combination with the outcome of the IPDE-SQ. This measure was not used to diagnose personality disorder but to contribute to the understanding of Ms Ws presentation. The Millon highlighted that Ms W presented with anxiety, drug dependence and post traumatic stress disorder and may possible present with thought disorder and major depression.Presentation in interviewMs W presented as a shy, pleasant individual with very low confidence and who suffered with anxiety. It was evident that she was lacking in confidence in terms of speaking to people and being sure of her own opinions. She had also seemed to struggle in terms of her level of concentration.Over the course of the sessions Ms Ws mood could be quite volatile, changing from happy to depressed in the period of a couple of hours. Ms W consistently spoke of thoughts of self harm throughout the sessions and when feeling depressed would project these feelings onto others as having caused them. Ms W also presented at times as quite paranoid in terms of thinking that people were talking about her. Ms W also disclosed that she was experiencing visual hallucinations particularly when she felt stressed.

Trainee Accountant Recruitment :: Essays Papers

RECRUITMENT OF TRAINEE ACCOUNTANTSFinding ways to support improvements on traditional approaches is a constant challenge to each field and control professionals, who must be open and receptive to change. Not being afraid of change isnt enough, however accountants must be excited and move about new ways of doing things.With the introduction of charitable Resources, people in an brass have taken a new role. Long gone were the days when an accountant is a clerk. In todays day and age, an employee is an asset for that company. They are a major investment and companies thrive in protecting their interests and development. Human Resources (HR) have developed and now is a full fledged field. Most companies have some sort of Human Resource management. Basically where there is hiring and firing, there is Human Resources activities involved. Whether it is a small firm or a large corporation, Recruitment and excerpt is needed in every kind of organization. HR defines the organization objective to its employees. It makes the people involved to be part of the organization and make for towards a goal. It also enhances ones responsibilities more clearly. The job activities and profile leave alone be to work towards organizational goal yet at the same achieving personal objectives. Hence, in HR employees development is very all important(p) whether by relationship create or through training. All kinds of skills are taken into accounts and measure before an employee is hired. Career plans and objectivity in life is top priority as this will determines whether the prospective employee is a good investment or not. A major role of HR is Recruitment and Selection, which will be the topic of this article. The Recruitment and Selection procedure in any organization is most important, as they are the foundation for which the company makes the decision of hiring and invests in an individual. Selection means to choose the outdo candidate for a particular job, keeping in m ind how his goals are in tune with the organizations goals. HR has made this process of plectrum sophisticated and more challenging. Educational background and years of experience are no longer the only major pre-requisite. What people know is less important than who they are. Hiring, is not about finding people with the right experience. Its about finding people with the right mindset. These companies hire for attitude and train for skill. A mix of cristal different intelligences deductive, inductive, mechanical, memory, numerical, perceptual, reasoning, spatial, verbal, and vocabulary.

Tennessee Williams: One of the Greatest and Most Controversial Playwrig

Tennessee Williams was known as one of the greatest and most controversial playwrights in American history. He once said I believe that writing or any form of creative work was never meant by nature to be a mans way of making a living, that when it becomes one it almost certainly loses a measure of purity (Lewis 54). This statement shows that Williams was a genuine generator who wrote with finesse. He used his plays and poems to express his own thoughts and did not stifle an idea because the public would not agree with it. Williams was known for his Confederate Gothic writing style. This is a style of writing practiced by many writers of the American South whose stories set in that region are characterized by grotesque, macabre, or fantastic incidents (Southern gothic). Some critics believe that Williams had sacrificed his talent to prosper in wealth however, other critics believe his writings were original works of art. When Williams lover Frank Merlo died, he became very desponde nt and his writing began to languish. His plays were becoming less and less desirable and the amount of time each was on Broadway was decreasing little by little. Williams root word writings were works of art, but they became predictable as time went on. Although he did use a lot of recurring themes and symbols, each individual piece had a life and moral value of its own. Williams was born March 26, 1911. His mother and father were Edwina and Cornelius Williams respectively. His mother was the divine essence of a southern belle whose main focus was world of high social standards. His father was a besotted shoe salesman who would later be claimed as the reason for Williams homosexuality. Williams siblings include Rose and Dakin Williams. It is ... ...odreads Inc, 2007. Web. 31 Mar. 2012.. Shmoop Editorial Team. Tennessee Williams Awards Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 1 Apr. 2012.Smith, Nicole. The Tragic Figure of Laura in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams.Article Myriad. Article Myriad, 6 Dec. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2012..Southern gothic. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. EncyclopediaBritannica Inc., 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012.. Print.Tennessee Williams. - Quotes, Biography, Quote, Works, Festival, Poetry, Poems, Bio, pen Style, Autobiography, Bibliography. N. p. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. .